Treatment of tracheostomy-associated (crico-)tracheal stenosis: A single-center prospective registry study

Background Tracheal stenosis is an often-overlooked consequence of tracheostomy, preventing from weaning.

Methods & Materials We collected data from August 2022 to February 2025 from patients with tracheostomies, which were referred to us from a neurologic rehabilitation center. Data collection included patient demographics, medical history and reason for and type of tracheostomy, and short-term outcomes

Results Of 95 patients, 47.4% were female, the mean age was 66 yrs. Most of the patient cohort had successfully concluded weaning, with only 10.5% of the patients still being weaned. 70.5% were still canulated at the time of referral. 61.1% had a dilatative, 37.1% a surgical tracheostomy. 50% of our patients underwent surgical resection, while 47.7% had an endoscopic procedure, two patients underwent both types of procedures during the same hospital stay. The most frequently performed operation was cricotracheal resection by Pearson while the endoscopic cohort was treated by argon plasma coagulation. If the tracheostomy involved the cricoid, a surgical resection was necessary in 75%. The short-term outcomes of both cohorts were excellent with only 7 patients needing reintubation after the procedure. All patients were referred back to the rehab center or to their homes, 83% being de-cannulated.

Conclusion Tracheal stenosis is a frequent complication of tracheostomy and plays a pivotal role in the weaning process. (Crico-)tracheal surgery is a viable option in the treatment of tracheostomy associated tracheal stenosis. Type and misplacement of the tracheotomy influence the necessity and type of intervention. Long term outcomes are prospectively monitored.

Publication History

Article published online:
25 August 2025