Trofinetide for the Treatment of Rett Syndrome: Long-Term Safety and Efficacy Results from the Open-Label LILAC and LILAC-2 Studies

Background/Purpose: Trofinetide significantly improved core symptoms of Rett syndrome (RTT) with an acceptable safety profile in LAVENDER. Here, we report the safety and efficacy results of LILAC and LILAC-2, open-label extension studies of LAVENDER.

Methods: Females with RTT, aged 5 to 21 years, received twice-daily, oral trofinetide in LILAC for 40 weeks. Participants who completed LAVENDER and LILAC continued trofinetide in LILAC-2, a 32-month extension study. Safety assessments included the incidence of adverse events (AEs). Efficacy endpoints included the Rett Syndrome Behavior Questionnaire (RSBQ) and the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale.

Results: Overall, 154 patients were enrolled in LILAC. The most common AEs were diarrhea (74.7%) and vomiting (28.6%). The mean (standard error [SE]) change from the LAVENDER baseline to week 40 in the LILAC study in RSBQ was −7.3 (1.62) and −7.0 (1.61) for participants treated with trofinetide and placebo in LAVENDER, respectively. Mean (SE) CGI-I scores compared with the LILAC baseline at week 40 were 3.1 (0.11) and 3.2 (0.14) for patients treated with trofinetide and placebo in LAVENDER, respectively. Similar safety and efficacy trends were observed in LILAC-2.

Conclusion: Trofinetide continued to improve symptoms of RTT in LILAC and LILAC-2 with a safety profile consistent with LAVENDER.

Publication History

Article published online:
26 September 2025