Download PDF
Endoscopy 2000; 32(2): 146-152
DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-90
State-of-the-Art Review
Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ·New York

Endoscopic Ultrasonography

A. Chak
  • University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
31 December 2000 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Endosonography is primarily a diagnostic imaging modality, but new therapeutic applications are being developed. Miniprobe technology (ultrasound catheter probes) has led to new clinical applications. The staging of gastrointestinal cancers remains the major accepted indication for endosonography. Other conditions, such as chronic pancreatitis, portal hypertension, and inflammatory bowel diseases, are also being evaluated with endosonographic imaging.

References (Key References are highlighted)

  • 1 Beahrs O H, Henson D E, Hutter R VP, et al. Manual for staging of cancer. 4th ed.  Philadelphia; Lippincott, 1992: 57-61
  • 2 Mallery S, DeCamp M, Bueno R, et al. Pretreatment staging by endoscopic ultrasonography does not predict complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation in patients with esophageal carcinoma.  Cancer. 1999;  86 764-769
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Zuccaro G, Rice T W, Goldblum J, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound cannot determine suitability for esophagectomy after aggressive chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer.  Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;  94 906-912
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Isenberg G, Chak A, Canto M I, et al. Endoscoic ultrasound in restaging of esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  48 158-163
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Binmoeller K F, Seifert H, Seitz U, et al. Ultrasonic esophagoprobe for TNM staging of highly stenosing esophageal carcinoma.  Gastrointest Endsoc. 1995;  41 547-552
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Mallery S, Van Dam J. Increased rate of complete EUS staging of patients with esophageal cancer using the nonoptical, wire-guided echoendoscope.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1999;  50 53-57
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Menzel J, Hoepffner N, Nottberg H, et al. Preoperative staging of esophageal carcinoma: miniprobe sonography versus conventional endoscopic ultrasound in a prospective histopathologically verified study.  Endoscopy. 1999;  31 291-297
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Hunerbein M, Ghadimi B M, Haensch W, Schlag P M. Transendoscopic ultrasound of esophageal and gastric cancer using miniaturized utlrasound catheter probes.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  48 371-375
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Catalano M F, Alcocer E, Chak A, et al. Evaluation of celiac axis lymph nodes in patients with esophageal carcinoma: accuracy of EUS.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1999;  50 352-356
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Akahoshi K, Chijiwa Y, Hamada S, et al. Pretreatment staging of endoscopically early gastric cancer with a 15-MHz ultrasound catheter probe.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  48 470-476
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Yanai H, Noguchi T, Mizumachi S, et al. A blind comparison of the effectiveness of endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopy in staging early gastric cancer.  Gut. 1999;  44 361-365
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Menzel J, Hoepffner N, Sulkowski U, et al. Polypoid tumors of the major duodenal papilla - preoperative staging with intraductal US, EUS, and CT: a prospective, histopathologically controlled study.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1999;  49 349-357
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Kruskal J B, Sentovich S M, Kane R A. Staging of rectal cancer after polypectomy: usefulness of endorectal US.  Radiology. 1999;  211 31-35
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Giovannini M, Bernardini D, Seitz J F, et al. Value of endoscopic ultrasonography for assessment of patients presenting elevated tumor marker levels after surgery for colorectal cancers.  Endoscopy. 1998;  30 469-476
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Canto M I, Chak A, Stellato T, Sivak M V. Endoscopic ultrasonography versus cholangiography for the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  47 439-448
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Sahai A V, Mauldin P D, Marsi V, et al. Bile duct stones and laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a decision analysis to assess the roles of intraoperative cholangiography, EUS, and ERCP.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1999;  49 334-343
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Ohashi A, Ueno N, Tamada K, et al. Assessment of residual bile duct stones with use of intraductal US during endoscopic balloon sphincteroplasty: comparison with balloon cholangiography.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1999;  49 328-333
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 De Ledinghen V, Lecesne R, Raymond J M, et al. Diagnosis of choledocholithiasis: EUS or magnetic resonance cholangiography? A prospective controlled study.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1999;  49 26-31
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Sugiyama M, Atomi Y. Acute biliary pancreatitis: the roles of endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.  Surgery. 1998;  124 14-21
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Chak A, Hawes R H, Cooper G F, et al. Prospective assessment of the utility of EUS in the evaluation of gallstone pancreatitis.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1999;  49 599-604
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Sahai A V, Zimmerman N, Aabakken L, et al. Prospective assessment of the ability of endoscopic ultrasound to diagnose, exclude, or establish the severity of chronic pancreatitis found by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  48 18-25
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Catalano M F, Lahoti S, Geenen J E, Hogan W J. Prospective evaluation of endoscopic ultrasonography, endoscopic retrograde pancreatography, and secretin test in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  48 11-17
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Catalano M F, Lahoti S, Alcocer E, et al. Dynamic imaging of the pancreas using real-time endoscopic ultrasonography with secretin stimulation.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  48 580-587
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Gress F, Schmitt C, Sherman S, et al. A prospective randomized comparison of endoscopic ultrasound- and computed tomography-guided celiac plexus block for managing chronic pancreatitis pain.  Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;  94 900-905
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Giovannini M, Bernardini D, Seitz J F. Cystogastrotomy entirely performed under endosonography guidance for pancreatic pseudocyst: results in six patients.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  48 200-203
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Parasher V K, Meroni E, Malesci A, et al. Observation of thoracic duct morphology in portal hypertension by endoscopic ultrasound.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  48 588-592
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Lee Y T, Sung J JY, Yung M Y, et al. Use of color Doppler EUS in assessing azygos blood flow for patients with portal hypertension.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1999;  50 47-52
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Dhiman R K, Saraswat V A, Choudhuri G, et al. Endosonographic, endoscopic, and histologic evaluation of alterations in the rectal venous system in patients with portal hypertension.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1999;  49 218-227
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Schiano T D, Adrain A L, Vega K J, et al. High-resolution endoluminal sonography assessment of the hematocystic spots of esophageal varices.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1999;  49 424-427
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Irisawa A, Obara K, Sato Y, et al. EUS analysis of collateral veins inside and outside the esophageal wall in portal hypertension.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1999;  50 374-380
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Gast P, Belaïche J. Rectal endosonography in inflammatory bowel disease: differential diagnosis and prediction of remission.  Endoscopy. 1999;  31 158-167
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Tsuga K, Haruma K, Fujimura J, et al. Evaluation of the colorectal wall in normal subjects and patients with ulcerative colitis using an ultrasound catheter probe.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  48 477-484
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Soweid A M, Chak A, Katz J A, Sivak M V. Catheter probe-assisted endoluminal US in inflammatory bowel disease.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1999;  50 41-46
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Bansal R, Thierney W, Carpenter S, et al. Cost-effectiveness of EUS for preoperative localization of pancreatic endocrine tumors.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1999;  49 19-25
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Chak A, Soweid A, Hoffman B, et al. Clinical implications of endoluminal ultrasonography using through-the-scope catheter probes.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  48 485-490
    PubMedGoogle Scholar

A. ChakM.D. 

University Hospitals of Cleveland

11100 Euclid Ave

Cleveland, OH 44118

USA

Phone: + 1-216-844-8011

Email: axc22@po.cwru.edu

      >