Belastungen von Angehörigen psychisch Kranker

Zusammenfassung

Zielsetzung: Anliegen des Beitrags ist es, einen Überblick über Entwicklungen und Ergebnisse der Angehörigenforschung in der Psychiatrie zu geben. Ergebnisse: In zahlreichen Forschungsarbeiten wurde dokumentiert, dass Angehörige psychisch Kranker mit erheblichen Einschränkungen und Problemen konfrontiert sind. Inwieweit die Symptome und das Verhalten des Patienten von den Angehörigen als belastend erlebt werden, hängt entscheidend von deren kognitiv-emotionalen Prozessen und psychosozialen Ressourcen ab. Professionelle Unterstützungsangebote können eine wesentliche Entlastung für Angehörige bewirken. Diskussion: Trotz theoretischer und methodologischer Probleme konnten die vielfältigen Belastungen und die Bewältigungsversuche von Angehörigen psychisch Kranker eindrucksvoll belegt werden. Künftige Forschungsarbeiten sollten eine noch differenziertere Betrachtung erkrankungs- und beziehungsspezifischer Belastungslagen anstreben. Die Nutzung stresstheoretischer Konzepte erscheint hierfür besonders gut geeignet.

Burdens on Relatives of Patients with Psychiatric Disorders - Development, Concepts and Results of Research

Objective: A review of the findings in the research literature on the effect of mental illness on other members of the patient’s family is provided. This article critically examines the research to date with special reference to the conceptual and operational definitions of burden and methodological issues. Results: The burdens of caring for a patient at home are considerable throughout different patient groups. Relatives’ experience of burden is influenced by their cognitive appraisal of the situation and their psychosocial resources of coping with it. Research findings suggest that information and support provided by clinicians can alleviate caregiver burden, although it has been used too rarely in clinical routine. Conclusions: Finally, the review identifies advances made in this line of research in recent years and highlights areas that need further attention in future research work. Systematic research of families’ responses to and management of mental illness should move beyond the more global concept of family and address the great diversity among families with mentally ill relatives. Furthermore, given the lack of consensus regarding the theoretical conceptualizing of the burden concept a new framework with reference to stressrelated research is suggested.

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