Zusammenfassung
Seit 1990 stieg der Anteil der Raucher unter den 12- bis 17-Jährigen in Deutschland
von 21 auf ca. 28 %. Die meisten beginnen zwischen dem 11. und 13. Lebensjahr, 85
% entwickeln ihre Markentreue bis zum 18. Lebensjahr.
Trotz Verbot der Tabakwerbung in Funk und Fernsehen wurde der Werbeetat der Zigarettenindustrie
seit 1987 kontinuierlich erhöht, zunehmend auf Frauen und Kinder fokussiert.
Nach Kenntnis des Autors werden im Folgenden erstmals detailliert die häufigsten in
Deutschland angewendeten Strategien dargestellt, mit welchen Kinder und Jugendliche
zum Rauchen animiert werden sollen. Hierbei wird deutlich, dass sich Werbekampagnen
nicht auf Printmedien und Plakatwände beschränken, sondern das Internet einbeziehen.
Indirekte Gewöhnung an eine Zigarettenmarke durch Musikvideos, Kinofilme und Merchandising
von attraktiven Textilien und Reisen sowie das Sponsoring von speziellen Sport- und
Musikveranstaltungen werden berücksichtigt.
Exemplarisch werden „kindgerechte” Präsentationen der Werbebotschaften in Printmedien
analysiert und evaluiert. Psychologisch geschickt wird bei Jugendlichen Interesse
geweckt und eine Konditionierung auf das Rauchen in bestimmten Situationen gefördert.
Abstract
Since 1990 the percentage of smokers among the 12 to 17-year-olds in Germany has risen
from 21 % to about 28 %. Most of them start between the age of 11 and 13. 85 % favour
a certain brand by the age of 18. Despite the prohibition of tobacco commercials on
radio and TV the cigarette industry has continually increased their budget for advertising
aimed more and more at women and children.
According to the author's knowledge, this report describes for the first time the
strategies most frequently applied in Germany to incite children and teenagers to
smoking. The publicity campaigns are not restricted to billboards and the printed
press, but use the internet also.
Indirect conditioning to a certain brand by music videos, movies and merchandising
of attractive clothes and trips as well as the sponsoring of special music and sports
events are also shown.
The report analyses and evaluates examples of messages in printed advertisements aimed
at children. With psychological skill interest in smoking is created with teenagers
and a conditioning for smoking in certain situations is promoted.
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Dr. K. Pumpe
St.-Vincentius-Kliniken gAG · Medizinische Klinik · Abteilung IV · Pneumologie
Südendstraße 32
76135 Karlsruhe