Zusammenfassung
Primäre und sekundäre bösartige Neubildungen in der Leber stellen eine der häufigsten
onkologischen Erkrankungen dar. Bislang steht die chirurgische Resektion als das einzige
potenziell kurative Verfahren für die Behandlung von Lebertumoren zur Verfügung. Zum
Zeitpunkt der Diagnosestellung kann jedoch aus prognostischen oder operationstechnischen
Gründen nur eine Minderheit der Patienten einer chirurgischen Therapie zugeführt werden.
Für diese Patientengruppe wurden in den letzten Jahren lokale Ablationsverfahren als
Alternative zur chirurgischen Resektion entwickelt. Hierzu zählen laserinduzierte
Thermotherapie, Radiofrequenztherapie, Kryotherapie, Mikrowellenkoagulation und perkutane
Alkoholinstillation. Vor allem die laserinduzierte Thermotherapie und die Radiofrequenztherapie
haben dabei breite klinische Verbreitung gefunden. Diese Verfahren bieten die Möglichkeit,
komplikationsarm und minimalinvasiv Tumoren in situ zu zerstören. Obwohl randomisierte
Studien bislang fehlen, scheinen vor allem Patienten mit lokal begrenzter Tumorerkrankung
hiervon zu profitieren. Begrenzt wird der klinische Einsatz der Ablation vor allem
durch onkologische und technische Kriterien. Hierzu zählen der Ausschluss einer systemischen
Tumorerkrankung, die Induktion ausreichend großer Läsionen mit vollständiger intraläsionärer
Tumorzerstörung und die Beurteilung des Therapieerfolges durch ein geeignetes Monitoringverfahren.
Die lokale Ablation erweitert das Spektrum der therapeutischen Möglichkeiten für Patienten
mit Lebertumoren und bietet unter Berücksichtigung strenger Indikationsstellung und
Ausnutzung der technischen Möglichkeiten eine effektive Alternative zur chirurgischen
Resektion.
Abstract
Primary and secondary malignant neoplasms in the liver are among the most common oncological
diseases. Surgical resection is the only potentially curative procedure available
thus far for the treatment of liver tumors. At the time of diagnosis, however, only
a minority of patients can undergo surgery for prognostic or technical reasons. In
recent years, local ablation procedures have been developed as an alternative to surgery
for this patient group. They include laser-induced thermotherapy, radiofrequency therapy,
cryotherapy, microwave coagulation and percutaneous alcohol installation. Especially
laser-induced thermotherapy and radiofrequency therapy are widely applied in the clinical
routine. These procedure enable the minimally invasive destruction of tumors in situ
with few complications. Though randomized studies have not yet been performed, particularly
patients with local tumor disease seem to profit from these treatments. However, the
clinical application of ablation is especially limited by oncological and technical
criteria. They include the exclusion of systemic tumor disease, the induction of sufficiently
large lesions with complete intralesional tumor destruction and the evaluation of
treatment success by a suitable monitoring procedure. Local ablation broadens the
spectrum of therapeutic options for patients with liver tumors and is an effective
alternative to surgical resection when adhering to strict indicational criteria and
exploiting the technical possibilities.
Schlüsselwörter
Lebertumoren - Lebermetastasen - lokale Verfahren - In-situ-Ablation - laserinduzierte
Thermotherapie - Radiofrequenztherapie - Kryotherapie
Key words
Liver tumors - liver metastases - local ablation - liver - In-situ ablation - radiofrequency
- laserinduced thermotherapy - cryotherapy
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Dr. med. J.-P. Ritz
Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik I
Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Campus Benjamin Franklin
Hindenburgdamm 30
12200 Berlin
Phone: ++49-30-84 45-25 43
Fax: ++49-30-84 45-27 40
Email: joerg-peter.ritz@charite.de