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DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-822625
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Results of the SIOP 93-01/GPOH Trial and Study for the Treatment of Patients with Unilateral Nonmetastatic Wilms Tumor[*]
Ergebnisse der Therapiestudie SIOP 93-01/GPOH für die Behandlung von Patienten mit unilateralem nichtmetastasierendem Wilms-TumorPublication History
Publication Date:
03 June 2004 (online)

Abstract
Background: The treatment of Wilms Tumor is integrated into clinical trials since the 1970's.
In contrast to the National Wilms Tumor Study Group (NWTSG) the SIOP trials and studies
largely focus on the issue of preoperative therapy to facilitate surgery of a shrunken
tumor and to treat metastasis as early as possible.
Patients and methods: In the SIOP 93-01/GPOH trial and study 1 020 patients with a newly diagnosed renal
tumor were registered. 847 of them had a histological proven Wilms Tumor, of whom
637 were unilateral localized, and 173 tumors had an other histology [40 congenital
mesoblastic nephroma (CMN), 51 clear cell sarcoma (CCSK), 24 rhabdoid tumor (RTK)
and 58 other tumors]. Preoperative chemotherapy in benign tumors was given to 1.3
% of the patients. The main objective of the trial was the randomized question, if
the postoperative two drug chemotherapy for stage I in intermediate risk or anaplasia
can be reduced from conventional 3 courses to an experimental 1 course without loss
of efficacy.
Results: 519 patients with unilateral nonmetastatic Wilms did receive preoperative chemotherapy.
The histology in this group of patients was of intermediate risk in 469 (90 %) patients,
14 (3 %) tumors were low risk and 36 (7 %) high risk. The stage distribution of the
tumors was stage I in 315 (61 %), stage II N- in 126 (24 %), stage II N+ in 25 (5
%) and stage III in 36 (7 %) patients. In 17 (3 %) patients the tumor stage remained
unclear. Tumor volume was measured in 487 patients before and in 402 after preoperative
chemotherapy. The median tumor volume did shrink from 353 to 126 ml. The amount of
volume reduction depends on the histological subtype. The event free survival (EFS)
after 5 years was 91 % for all patients with unilateral Wilms tumor without distant
metastasis. Randomisation was done in 43.7 % for stage I patients and there was no
difference in EFS for both treatment arms (90 versus 91 %). The EFS is identical for
patients with stage I and II N- (0.92), as well as for stage II N+ and III (0.82).
The tumor volume after chemotherapy is a prognostic factor for intermediate risk tumors
with the exception of epithelial and stromal predominant tumors. These two subtypes
often present as large tumors, they do not shrink during preoperative chemotherapy
but they still have an excellent prognosis. On the other hand the prognosis of patients
with blastemal predominant subtype after preoperative chemotherapy is worse than in
any other patient group of intermediate risk tumors. There are less blastemal predominant
tumors compared to primary surgery, but they are chemotherapeutic resistant selected
by the preoperative chemotherapy.
Conclusion: Patients with unilateral Wilms tumor without metastasis have an excellent prognosis.
The post-operative chemotherapy in stage I can be reduced to 4 weeks without worsening
treatment outcome. The reduction of the tumor volume could be identified as a helpful
marker for stratification of post-operative treatment. Post-chemotherapy blastemal
predominant subtype of Wilms tumor has to be classified as high risk tumor. Focal
anaplasia has a better prognosis than diffuse anaplasia and will be classified as
intermediate risk tumor.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die Behandlung von Wilms-Tumoren erfolgt seit Anfang der 70er-Jahre in klinischen
Studien. Im Gegensatz zur NWTSG (National Wilms Tumor Study Group) favorisiert die
europäische SIOP Studiengruppe eine präoperative Behandlung, um die Tumoroperation
zu erleichtern und frühzeitig Metastasen zu bekämpfen.
Patienten und Methoden: In die Therapiestudie SIOP 93-01/GPOH wurden 1 020 Patienten mit neu diagnostiziertem
Nierentumor gemeldet. 847 Patienten hatten einen Wilms-Tumor, von denen 637 unilateral
und lokalisert aufgetreten sind. 173 Tumoren wiesen eine andere Histologie auf [40
kongenitale mesoblastische Nephrome (CMN), 51 Klarzellensarkome (CCSK), 24 Rhabdoid
Tumore (RTK) and 58 andere Tumore]. Eine präoperative Chemotherapie bei benigner Läsion
erhielten 1,3 % der Patienten. Für Patienten mit Stadium I (intermediäre Histologie
oder Anaplasie) wurde die Dauer der postoperativen Chemotherapie (4 Wochen gegen 18
Wochen) randomisiert geprüft.
Ergebnisse: 519 Patienten mit unilateralem lokalisiertem Tumor erhielten eine präoperative Chemotherapie.
Die Histologie ergab bei 469 Patienten (90 %) eine intermediäre Malignität, bei 14
(3 %) eine niedrige Malignität und 36 (7 %) Tumoren waren hochmaligne. Die postopeartive
Stadienverteilung ergab ein Stadium I bei 315 (61 %), ein Stadium II N- bei 126 (24
%), ein Stadium II N+ bei 25 (5 %) und ein Stadium III bei 36 (7 %) Patienten. Bei
17 Patienten (3 %) blieb das Stadium unklar. Eine Tumorvolumenbestimmung initial bei
487 und nach präoperativer Chemotherapie bei 402 Patienten ergab im Median einen Rückgang
von 353 ml auf 126 ml. Die Volumenreduktion war abhängig vom histologischen Subtyp.
Das ereignisfreie Überleben nach 5 Jahren beträgt 91 % für alle Patienten mit lokalisiertem
unilateralem Wilmstumor. Die Randomisation der postperativen Chemotherapie konnte
bei 43,7 % der Patienten mit Stadium I durchgeführt werden. Es zeigte sich kein Unterschied
in der Prognose zwischen langem und kurzem Behandlungsarm (90 vs. 91 % EFS). Das EFS
für Patienten mit Stadium I und II N- ist identisch (0,92), ebenso für Stadium II
N+ und III (0,82). Das Tumorvolumen nach präoperativer Chemotherapie ist ein prognostischer
Faktor für die intermediäre Malignität ausser bei epithelreichen und stromareichen
Tumoren. Bei blastemreichem Subtyp nach präoperativer Chemotherapie ist die Prognose
signifikant schlechter als bei den anderen Subtypen intermediärer Malignität.
Schlussfolgerungen: Patienten mit unilateralem Wilms-Tumor ohne Metastasen haben eine exzellente Prognose.
Die postoperative Chemotherapie kann ohne Verschlechterung der Prognose auf 4 Wochen
verkürzt werden. Die Reduktion des Tumorvolumens ist als Statifizierungskriterium
verwertbar. Bei der Histologie sollte der blastemreiche Subtyp nach präoperativer
Chemotherapie in die Hochrisikogruppe stratifiziert werden. Die fokale Anaplasie hat
eine günstigere Prognose als die diffuse Anaplasie und wird der intermediären Malignität
zugeordnet werden.
Key words
Wilms tumor - SIOP 93-01/GPOH - treatment - prognosis - acute toxicity
Schlüsselwörter
Wilms-Tumor - SIOP 93-01/GPOH - Behandlung - Prognose - Nebenwirkungen
1 The study was supported by the Deutsche Krebshilfe e.V., Bonn, Germany
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1 The study was supported by the Deutsche Krebshilfe e.V., Bonn, Germany
Dr. Harald Reinhard
Klinik für Pädiatrie Onkologie und Hämatologie · Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und
Jugendmedizin
66421 Homburg
Germany
Phone: +49/68 41/1 62 83 99
Fax: +49/68 41/1 62 83 02
Email: kihrein@uniklinik-saarland.de