Zusammenfassung
Zunehmende Lebenserwartung, vermehrte Einnahme verschiedener Medikamente, zunehmende
Komorbidität und geringere Körperreserve als auch nicht zuletzt Alkohol- und Medikamentenmissbrauch
führen zu einer Vervielfältigung der potenziellen Gefahren des Auftretens oder der
Entwicklung eines Delirs. Hinzu kommt durch das höhere Durchschnittsalter der Bevölkerung
ein höheres Vorkommen der Demenzerkrankung. Die vorliegende Übersicht umreißt nach
Begriffsbestimmung und Epidemiologie Ursachen, klinische und diagnostische Spezifika
sowie Therapiegrundsätze, die den klinisch tätigen Arzt im ambulanten als auch stationären
Bereich weiter zielgerichtet auf die beiden vom Fallaufkommen her zunehmenden psychiatrischen
Krankheitsbilder sensibilisiert. Zusätzlich werden gegenseitig bedingte Verknüpfungen
erörtert.
Abstract
Increasing life expectancy, medication and disease burden, along with decreased functional
status and organ reserve, place the elderly surgical patient at high risk for delirium
in the peri-operative state. Alcohol abuse and an increased incidence of dementia
may confound the picture. This overview describes definition, epidemiology, etiology,
diagnosis, and therapy of delirium and explores the confounding effects of dementia.
Schlüsselwörter
Delir - Demenz - Neurotransmitter - Chirurgie
Key words
delir - dementia - neurotransmitter - surgery
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1 Lorazepam oder Oxazepam, die durch Konjugation zu inaktiven Metaboliten abgebaut
werden, sind bei älteren Patienten zu bevorzugen (s. o.).
I. Hamrick, MDAssistant Professor of Geriatrics
Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University
Brody 4N-72A
600 Moye Boulevard Greenville
NC 27858
USA
Telefon: 0 01/2 52/7 44 25 97
eMail: hamricki@ecu.edu