Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Dekubitalulzera der Sitzbeinhöcker werden zumeist mit gestielten faszio- oder myokutanen
Lappenplastiken des dorsalen Oberschenkels gedeckt. Dabei werden die Gefäßterritorien
benachbarter Lappenplastiken verletzt, die dann im Falle eines Ulkusrezidivs nicht
mehr zur Verfügung stehen. In Anbetracht der hohen Rezidivrate von Dekubitalulzera
bei Querschnittgelähmten haben wir eine infragluteale Perforans-Lappenplastik entwickelt,
die die angrenzenden Gefäßterritorien schont. Patienten/Material und Methode: An drei frischen Leichen wurden fünf infragluteale Perforans-Lappenplastiken präpariert,
um die anatomischen Beziehungen der Hautäste des Ramus descendens der A. glutealis
inferior und der Nn. clunii inferiores zu untersuchen und die anatomischen Landmarken
für die klinische Anwendung einer sensiblen Lappenplastik zu definieren. Bei sechs
paraplegischen Patienten mit primären (5/6) und sekundären (1/6) Dekubitalulzera der
Sitzbeinhöcker wurden infragluteale Perforans-Lappenplastiken zur Defektdeckung eingesetzt.
Der Hebedefekt wurde primär verschlossen und die Patienten nach einem standardisierten
Schema nachbehandelt und mobilisiert. Ergebnisse: Bei insgesamt elf infraglutealen Perforans-Lappenplastiken, die an frischen Leichen
und Patienten präpariert wurden, fanden wir einen oder zwei Hautäste des Ramus descendens
der A. glutealis inferior am unteren Rand des M. gluteus maximus, die die infragluteale
Haut versorgten. Infragluteale Perforans-Lappenplastiken konnten auf diesen Perforans-Gefäßen
gehoben und durch die ausgeprägte Mobilität der Hautinsel spannungsfrei in Defekte
der Sitzbeinhöcker transferiert werden. Der Ramus descendens der A. glutealis inferior
konnte in allen Fällen für zukünftige Lappenplastiken geschont werden. Bei einem Patienten
mit mehrfachen Rezidiven eines Sitzbeinulkus kam es zur Lappennekrose infolge venöser
Stauung. Die übrigen fünf infraglutealen Perforans-Lappenplastiken heilten komplikationslos.
Schlussfolgerung: Die infragluteale Perforans-Lappenplastik ist zur Deckung von Dekubitalulzera der
Sitzbeinhöcker geeignet und kann unter Einschluss der Nn. clunii inferiores als sensible
Lappenplastik verwendet werden. Im Vergleich zu den traditionellen gestielten Lappenplastiken
des dorsalen Oberschenkels reduziert die infragluteale Perforans-Lappenplastik die
Hebemorbidität und schont die Gefäßterritorien angrenzender Lappenplastiken für zukünftige
Rezidivulzera.
Abstract
Purpose: Pressure sores of the ischial tuberosities are mostly covered with fascio- or myocutaneous
flaps of the posterior thigh. In doing so, vascular territories of adjacent flaps
are violated, which are not available any more in case of ulcer recurrences. In consideration
of the high recurrence rates of pressure sores in paraplegics, we developed an infragluteal
perforator flap that spares adjacent vascular territories. Patients/Material and Method: Infragluteal perforator flaps were dissected in five fresh human cadavers to investigate
the anatomic relations of the cutaneous branches of the inferior gluteal artery and
the inferior clunial nerves and to define the anatomic landmarks for clinical application
of an innervated flap. In six paraplegic patients with primary (5/6) and secondary
(1/6) pressure sores of the ischial tuberosity, infragluteal perforator flaps were
used for wound coverage. The donor defect was closed primarily and postoperative care
and patient mobilisation followed a standardised protocol. Results: In eleven infragluteal perforator flaps that were dissected in cadavers and patients,
we found one or two cutaneous branches of the descending branch of the inferior gluteal
artery at the lower border of the gluteus maximus muscle that supplied the infragluteal
skin. Infragluteal perforator flaps could be harvested on these perforator vessels
and transferred to the ischial defects without tension due to the excellent mobility
of the skin island. The descending branch of the inferior gluteal artery could be
spared in all cases for future flaps. In one patient with multiple recurrences of
an ischial pressure sore flap necrosis occurred due to venous congestion. The other
five infragluteal perforator flaps healed without complications. Conclusion: The infragluteal perforator flap is suitable for the closure of pressure sores of
the ischial tuberosities and can be used as a sensitised flap by inclusion of the
inferior clunial nerves. Compared to traditional pedicled flaps of the posterior thigh,
the infragluteal perforator flap reduces donor site morbidity and spares the vascular
territories of adjacent flaps for future recurrent ulcers.
Schlüsselwörter
Infragluteale Perforans-Lappenplastik - Dekubitus - Sitzbein
Key words
Infragluteal perforator flap - pressure sore - ischial tuberosity
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1 Nach einem Vortrag anlässlich der gemeinsamen Jahrestagung der VDPC, VDÄPC und ÖGPÄRCH
in München, 27. September bis 1. Oktober 2005
Dr. med. Oliver Scheufler
Abteilung für Plastische, Rekonstruktive und Ästhetische Chirurgie
Universitätsspital Basel
Spitalstraße 21
4031 Basel
Schweiz
Email: oscheufler@uhbs.ch