Effects of Long-Term Free-Air Ozone Fumigation on δ¹⁵N and Total N in Fagus sylvatica and Associated Mycorrhizal Fungi

Abstract

Patterns of nitrogen (N) isotope composition (δ¹⁵N) and total N contents were determined in leaves, fine roots, root-associated ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) of adult beech trees (Fagus sylvatica), and soil material under ambient (1 × O₃) and double ambient (2 × O₃) atmospheric ozone concentrations over a period of two years. From fine root to leaf material δ¹⁵N decreased consecutively. Under enhanced ozone concentrations total N was reduced in fine roots and δ¹⁵N showed a decrease in roots and leaves. In the soil and in most types of mycorrhizae, δ¹⁵N and total N were not altered due to ozone fumigation. The number of vital ectomycorrhizal root tips increased and the mycorrhizal community structure changed in 2 × O₃. Simultaneously, the specific rate of inorganic N-uptake by the roots was reduced under the double ozone regime. From these results it is assumed that 2 × O₃ changes N-nutrition of the trees at the level of N-acquisition, as indicated by enhanced mycorrhizal root tip density, altered mycorrhizal species composition, and reduced specific N-uptake rates.

Key words

Free-air ozone fumigation - δ¹⁵N - total N - net N-uptake - ectomycorrhiza.

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