ABSTRACT
Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have difficulty connecting with others
because they often lack the communication, social interaction, and play skills necessary
for developing relationships with their peers. This article highlights the characteristics
of four peer intervention programs described in the literature that have been successful
in facilitating the social connections between children with ASD and their typical
peers. The environments established for intervention, the role of the typical peer,
and the role of the adult are described across the four programs. A fifth peer intervention
program is introduced that focuses on establishing peer connections in the home of
the child with ASD while facilitating bids and responses for behavior regulation,
social interaction, and joint attention in the child with ASD and his or her typical
peer in the context of play. Implications for practice are provided as clinicians
consider the role peer mediation has in intervention planning and implementation for
children with ASD.
KEYWORDS
Intervention - autism spectrum disorders - peer mediation - children
REFERENCES
- 1
English K, Goldstein H, Shafer K, Kaczmarek L.
Promoting interactions among preschoolers with and without disabilities: effects of
buddy-skills training program.
Except Child.
1997;
63
229-243
- 2
Goldstein H, English K, Shafer K, Kaczmarek L.
Interaction among preschoolers with and without disabilities: effects of across-the-day
peer intervention.
J Speech Lang Hear Res.
1997;
40
33-48
- 3 Goldstein H, Kaczmarek L.
Promoting communicative interaction among children in integrated intervention settings. In: Warren SW, Reichle J Causes and Effects in Communication and Language Intervention. Baltimore,
MD; Paul H Brookes 1992: 81-111
- 4 Greenspan S I, Wieder S. The Child with Special Needs: Encouraging Intellectual
and Emotional Growth. Reading, MA; Addison-Wesley 1998: 121-292
- 5
Kohler F W, Strain P S.
Maximizing peer-mediated resources in integrated preschool classrooms.
Topics in Early Childhood Special Education.
1999;
19
92-102
- 6 Prelock P A. Peer Play with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders [unpublished
research protocol]. Burlington, VT; University of Vermont 2001
- 7 Prelock P A. Facilitating Joint Attention and Social Interaction in Children with
Autism. Paper presented at: University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 2004
- 8 Prendeville J, Grasha C. Peer Play and Children with Developmental Disorders [unpublished
research protocol]. Cincinnati, OH; University of Cincinnati 2000
- 9 Schuler A L, Wolfberg P J.
Promoting peer play and socialization: the art of scaffolding. In: Wetherby AM, Prizant BM Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Transactional Developmental
Perspective. Baltimore, MD; Paul H Brookes 2000: 251-277
- 10
Strain P S, Kohler F W.
Peer-mediated interventions for young children with autism: a 20-year retrospective.
Semin Speech Lang.
1998;
19
391-405
- 11
Yang T, Wolfberg P J, Wu S, Hwu P.
Supporting children on the autism spectrum in peer play at home and school.
Autism.
2003;
7
437-453
- 12
Zercher C, Hunt P, Schuler A, Webster J.
Increasing joint attention, play and language through peer supported play.
Autism.
2001;
5
374-398
- 13
Zanolli K, Daggert J, Adams T.
Teaching preschool age autistic children to make spontaneous initiation to peers using
priming.
J Autism Dev Disord.
1996;
26
407-421
- 14
Roeyers H.
The influence of nonhandicapped peers on the social interactions of children with
a pervasive developmental disorder.
J Autism Dev Disord.
1996;
26
303-320
- 15
Gonzalez-Lopez A, Kamps D M.
Social skills training to increase social interaction between children with autism
and their typical peers.
Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities.
1997;
12
2-14
- 16
Sawyer L M, Luiselli J K, Ricciardi J N, Gower J L.
Teaching children with autism to share among peers in an integrated preschool classroom:
acquisition, maintenance, and social validation.
Educ Treat Child.
2005;
28
1-10
- 17
Schleien S J, Mustonen T, Rynders J E.
Participation of children with autism and nondisabled peers in a cooperatively structured
community art program.
J Autism Dev Disord.
1995;
25
397-413
- 18 Prizant B M, Wetherby A M, Rydell P J.
Communication intervention issues for young children with autism spectrum disorders. In: Wetherby AM, Prizant BM Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Transactional Developmental
Perspective. Baltimore, MD; Paul H Brookes 2000: 193-224
- 19 Wolfberg P J. Play and Imagination in Children with Autism. New York; Teachers
College Press 1999
- 20 Wolfberg P J. Peer Play and the Autism Spectrum: The Art of Guiding Children's
Socialization and Imagination. Shawnee Mission, KS; Autism Asperger 2003
- 21
Mundy P, Crowson M.
Joint attention and early social communication: implications for research on intervention
with autism.
J Autism Dev Disord.
1997;
27
653-676
- 22
Thiemann K, Goldstein H.
Effects of peer training and written text cueing on social communication of school-age
children with pervasive developmental disorder.
J Speech Lang Hear Res.
2004;
47
126-144
- 23 Baron-Cohen S. Mindblindness. London, UK; MIT Press 1995
- 24
Baron-Cohen S.
Social and pragmatic deficits in autism: cognitive or affective?.
J Autism Dev Disord.
1988;
18
379-402
- 25 Baron-Cohen S, Howlin P.
The theory of mind deficit in autism: Some questions for teaching and diagnosis. In: Baron-Cohen S, Tager-Flusberg H, Cohen DJ Understanding Others' Minds: Perspectives
from Autism. New York, NY; Oxford University Press 1993: 466-480
- 26 Landa R.
Social language use in Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism. In: Klin A, Volkmar FR, Sparrow SS Asperger Syndrome. New York, NY; Guilford Press
2000: 125-155
- 27
Quill K A.
Visually cued instruction for children with autism and pervasive developmental disorders.
Focus Autism Behav.
1995;
10
10-20
- 28 Tager-Flusberg H.
What language reveals about the understanding of mind in children with autism. In: Baron-Cohen S, Tager-Flusberg H, Cohen DJ Understanding Other Minds: Perspectives
from Autism. New York; Oxford University Press 1993: 138-157
- 29 Prizant B, Wetherby A.
Enhancing language and communication in autism: from theory to practice. In: Dawson G Autism: Nature, Diagnosis, and Treatment. New York, NY; Guilford Press
1989: 282-309
- 30
Goldstein H, Wickstrom S.
Peer intervention effects on communicative interaction among handicapped and nonhandicapped
preschoolers.
J Appl Behav Anal.
1986;
19
209-214
- 31
Overton S, Rausch J.
Peer relationships as support for children with disabilities: an analysis of mothers'
goals and indicators for friendship.
Focus Autism Dev Other Disabl.
2002;
17
11-29
- 32
Kohler F W, Anthony L J, Steighner S A, Hoyson D T.
Teaching social interaction skills in the integrated preschool: an examination of
naturalistic tactics.
Topics in Early Childhood Special Education.
2001;
21
93-103
- 33
Lantz J F, Nelson J M, Loftin R L.
Guiding children with autism in play: applying the integrated playgroup model in school
settings.
Teaching Exceptional Children.
2004;
37
8-14
- 34
Wolfberg P J.
Guiding children on the autism spectrum in peer play: translating theory and research
into effective and meaningful practice.
J Dev Learn Disord.
2004;
8
7-25
- 35
Wolfberg P J.
Making make-believe: enhancing communication and social skills through integrated
playgroups.
Autism-Asperger's Digest.
2000;
00
12-17
- 36
English K, Goldstein H, Kaczmarek K.
“Buddy skills” for preschoolers.
Teaching Exceptional Children.
1996;
28
62-66
- 37
Goldstein H, English K.
Use of peers as change agents in communicative interactions with preschoolers with
disabilities.
Preventing School Failure.
1995;
39
16-20
- 38
Goldstein H, Kaczmarek L, Pennington R, Shafer K.
Peer-mediated intervention: attending to, commenting on, and acknowledging the behavior
of preschoolers with autism.
J Appl Behav Anal.
1992;
25
289-305
- 39
Lee S, Odom S L.
The relationship between stereotypic behavior and peer social interaction for children
with severe disabilities.
J Assoc Pers Sev Handicaps.
1996;
21
88-95
- 40 Simpson R L, Myles B S, Sasso G M, Kamps D. Social Skills for Students with Autism.
2nd ed. Reston, VA; Council for Exceptional Children 1997
- 41 Mize J, Abell E. Encouraging social skills in young children: tips teachers can
share with parents. Available at: http://www.nldontheweb.org/mize_abell.htm Accessed November 5, 2005
- 42
Carter M, Maxwell K.
Promoting interaction with children using augmentative communication through a peer-directed
intervention.
Int J Disab Dev Educ.
1998;
45
75-96
- 43
Charlop M H, Schreibman L, Tryon A S.
Learning through observation: the effects of peer modeling on acquisition and generalization
in autistic children.
J Abnorm Child Psychol.
1983;
11
355-365
- 44
Hauck M, Fein D, Waterhouse L, Feinstein C.
Social initiations by autistic children and other children.
J Autism Dev Disord.
1995;
25
579-595
- 45
Hoyson M, Jamieson B, Strain P S.
Individualized group instruction of normally developing and autistic-like children:
the LEAP curriculum model.
Journal of the Division of Early Childhood.
1984;
8
157-172
- 46
Hwang B, Hughes C.
Effects of social interactive training on early social communicative skill of children
with autism.
J Autism Dev Disord.
2000;
30
331-343
- 47
Kamps D, Royer J, Dugan E et al..
Peer training to facilitate social interaction for elementary students with autism
and their peers.
Exceptional Children.
2002;
68
173-187
- 48
Lewis V, Boucher J.
Generativity in the play of young people with autism.
J Autism Dev Disord.
1995;
25
105-120
- 49
McGee G G, Almeida M C, Sulzer-Azaroff B, Feldman R S.
Promoting reciprocal interactions via peer incidental teaching.
J Appl Behav Anal.
1992;
25
117-126
- 50
Morrison L, Kamps D, Garcia J, Parker D.
Peer mediation and monitoring strategies to improve initiations and social skills
for students with autism.
Journal of Positive Behavioral Intervention.
2001;
3
237-250
- 51 Wetherby A M, Prizant B M. Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental
Profile (CSBS). Baltimore, MD; Paul H. Brookes 2002
- 52 Fenson L, Dale P S, Resnick J S et al.. MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories. San
Diego, CA; Singular 1993
- 53
Prizant B M, Wetherby A M.
Communicative intent: a framework for understanding social-communicative behavior
in autism.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry.
1987;
26
472-479
- 54 Prizant B M, Wetherby A M.
Communication in preschool autistic children. In: Schopler E, Van Bourgondien ME, Bristol MM Preschool Issues in Autism. New York,
NY; Plenum 1993: 95-128
- 55
Wetherby A M.
Ontogeny of communicative functions in autism.
J Autism Dev Disord.
1986;
16
295-316
- 56
Wetherby A, Cain D H, Yonclas D G.
Analysis of intentional communication of normal children from the prelinguistic to
the multiword stage.
J Speech Hear Res.
1988;
31
240-252
- 57
Bono M A, Daley T, Sigman M.
Relations among joint attention, amount of intervention and language gain in autism.
J Autism Dev Disord.
2004;
34
495-505
- 58 American Psychiatric Association .Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
4th ed (DSM-IV). Washington, DC; American Psychiatric Association 1994: 65-71
- 59 National Research Council .Educating Children with Autism. Committee on Educational
Interventions for Children with Autism: Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences
and Education. Washington, DC; National Academy Press 2001: 66-81
Jo-Anne PrendevilleEd.D.
Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Cincinnati
3202 Eden Avenue, ML 0379, Cincinnati, OH 45267
Email: Joanne.prendeville@uc.edu