ABSTRACT
Historically, children with hearing loss (HL) are often poor readers. In this article,
the authors present two divergent groups of children with HL who have better than
average literacy outcomes, children with pervasive exposure to sign language (PESL) and children who are auditory-verbal communicators (AVCs). Outside-in and inside-in factors contributing to literacy development in
the two groups of children are discussed with an emergent literacy perspective. Effective
intervention strategies that can be used with all children with HL are highlighted.
Key terms
Hearing impaired - deaf - hearing loss - emergent literacy development - intervention
strategies
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Joan N Kaderavek
Mail Stop 954, University of Toledo, Toledo
OH 43606
Email: Joan.Kaderavek@utoledo.edu