Zusammenfassung
Die myotone Dystrophie, häufigste degenerative Myopathie des Erwachsenen, ist eine
Multiorganerkrankung mit autosomal-dominantem Erbgang. Das klinische Bild variiert
stark und kann von einer milden adulten Form mit Myotonie bis zu einer schweren neonatalen
Hypotonie mit respiratorischer Insuffizienz reichen. Die kongenitale myotone Dystrophie
ist durch eine hohe perinatale Morbidität und Mortalität gekennzeichnet. Nicht selten
führt die Diagnose einer kongenitalen myotonen Dystrophie erst zur Diagnose bei der
Mutter mit gravierenden Auswirkungen für ihr weiteres Leben, weitere Schwangerschaften
und Kinder. Wir berichten über vier Familien, bei denen die mütterliche Erkrankung
bis zur Geburt eines betroffenen Kindes nicht bekannt war. Weder Schwangerschaftsanamnese
noch geburtshilfliche und neonatale Komplikationen sind spezifisch, ihre Kombination
sollte jedoch an das Vorliegen einer kongenitalen myotonen Dystrophie denken lassen.
Richtungweisend für die Diagnosestellung waren die typischen fazialen Auffälligkeiten
bei der Mutter und das Myotoniezeichen beim Händedruck der Mutter beim Erstbesuch
auf der neonatalen Intensivtherapiestation. Das Krankheitsbild wird unter besonderer
Berücksichtigung der klinischen Symptome, der Komplikationen und genetischer Aspekte
dargestellt.
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy is a multi-organ disease with dominant autosomal transmission.
The clinical picture is extremely variable and may range from mild adult-onset myotonia
to severe congenital hypotonia with respiratory distress. Congenital myotonic dystrophy
is a distinct entity with severe symptoms resulting in a high rate of perinatal morbidity
and mortality. The occurence of congenital myotonic dystrophy often allows a subsequent
diagnosis in the mother with important implications for her life, further pregnancies
and offspring. We present four families in which maternal myotonic dystrophy and congenital
myotonic dystrophy were diagnosed after birth of an affected infant. Neither the neonatal
nor pregnancy complications are specific, but their combination should suggest the
diagnosis. Pointing the way to diagnosis of maternal myotonic dystrophy were the facial
abnormalities in the mother together with the delayed release of grip after shaking
hands during the first visit of the mother on the neonatal intensive care unit. The
disorder is reviewed with respect to clinical symptoms, complications and genetics.
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Dr. med. Ulrike Reuner
Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität
Fetscherstraße 74
01307 Dresden
Email: Ulrike.Reuner@neuro.med.tu-dresden.de