Zusammenfassung
Knochendefekte des proximalen Femurs nach trochantären Frakturen, Implantatversagen
von Osteosynthesen („Cut-out”), periprothetischen Frakturen und Prothesenlockerungen
stellen erschwerte Bedingungen für die Implantation oder den Wechsel einer Hüftprothese
dar. Der Einsatz modularer Hüftprothesen (MHP) mit langem Schaftanteil und der Möglichkeit
von distalen Verriegelungsschrauben stellt eine Lösungsmöglichkeit für diese Problemfälle
dar. Im Zeitraum vom 1.1.1996 bis 11.1.2002 wurden alle Patienten mit proximalen Knochendefekten
und Frakturen, die mit einer MHP versorgt wurden, prospektiv erfasst. Die Nachuntersuchung
im Durchschnitt nach 11,4 Monaten erfolgte klinisch und radiologisch. Ermittelt wurde
die Veränderung eines modifizierten Harris-Hüft-Scores und radiologische Lockerungszeichen
(paraprothetische Begleitlinie, Prothesenmigration, Verriegelungsbolzenbruch). 106
Patienten mit einer Nachuntersuchungsquote von 58,5 % konnten in die Studie eingeschlossen
werden. Sowohl die klinischen als auch radiologischen Ergebnisse nach primärer oder
sekundärer Implantation bei trochantären Femurfrakturen waren gut, nur eine MHP war
gelockert. Der Harris-Hüft-Score veränderte sich nicht signifikant im Vergleich zur
Situation vor der Fraktur. Bei Patienten mit Prothesenwechsel auf die MHP waren allerdings
fast 25 % der MHP gelockert, z. T. mit Bruch der Verriegelungsschraube. Die distale
Schraubenverriegelung einer MHP kann im Rahmen von primären oder sekundären Versorgungen
trochantärer Femurfrakturen genügend Stabilität für eine Osseointegration bieten,
bei Prothesenwechsel oder periprothetischen Frakturen bietet sie allerdings nur eine
ungenügende Stabilisierungsmöglichkeit.
Abstract
Patients with bony defects of the proximal femur after trochanteric fracture, implant
failure (cut-out), periprosthetic fracture or aseptic loosening of prosthesis are
difficult to treat with primary or revision endoprosthesis. Modular femoral hip prosthesis
(MHP) with stems of different length and the possibility of distal interlocking screws
are an operative solution for those patients. In a prospective study from January
1996 to January 2002 all patients treated with a MHP because of proximal and / or
distal femoral bony defect or fracture were included. Follow-up after 6 to 30 months
was evaluated clinically and radiologically in hospital. Change of modified Harris
Hip Score and radiological signes of loosening (radiolucent line, migration of MHP,
breaking interlocking screw) were documented. 106 patients with a follow-up of 58.5
% were included in the study. At time of follow-up clinical and radiological outcome
after trochanteric fracture was good. Harris Hip Score was comparable to the situation
of patients before fracture, only one MHP was loose. However in patients after revision
arthroplasty 25 % of MHP were loose and in many patients the interlocking screw was
broken. Distal interlocking screw in MHP prevents stability after trochanteric fracture
to achieve osseointegration. However in case of periprosthetic fracture or revision
arthroplasty MHP shows insufficient stability in many cases.
Schlüsselwörter
Femurknochendefekt - modulare Hüftprothese - distale Verriegelung
Key words
femoral bony defect - modular hip prosthesis - distal interlocking
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PD Dr. H.-J. Andress
Zentrum für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie · Klinik München Perlach der Pasing und
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