JAAA CEU Program

Questions refer to Spankovich et al, “Early Indices of Reduced Cochlear Function in Young Adults with Type-1 Diabetes Revealed by DPOAE Fine Structure,” 459–471.

Learner Outcomes:

Readers of this article should be able to:

• Discuss the evidence of compromised cochlear function in persons with type-1 diabetes.

• Summarize the source components of DPOAE fine structure based on the two-source theory.

• Consider the potential application of DPOAE fine structure in detecting early indices of cochlear pathology.

CEU Questions:

1. The literature has shown that OAE amplitudes in persons with type-1 diabetes are:

   • consistently reduced compared to controls

   • consistently higher compared to controls

   • contradictory with some studies showing reduced amplitude and others no difference

2. The OAE fine-structure source related to linear reflection and believed to dominate the TEOAE response is the:

   • distortion component

   • reflection component

   • generator component

3. The OAE fine-structure component that pertains to the non-linear element is called the:

   • distortion component

   • reflection component

   • deflection component

4. The DPOAE fine-structure stimuli presented in this study were performed using what kind of stimuli?

   • fixed frequency

   • sweeping frequency

   • mixed frequency

5. The DPOAE-level paradigm that was developed to maximize the overlap of the stimuli with changing levels is called the:

   • scissor paradigm

   • ladder paradigm

   • sound paradigm

6. The OAE fine-structure component that showed a significant difference between persons with type-1 diabetes compared to controls was:

   • the reflection component

   • the distortion component

   • the middle-ear muscle reflex

7. Which measure showed a significant difference between persons with type-1 diabetes and controls?

   • standard clinical DPOAEs

   • standard clinical TEOAEs

   • DPOAE fine structure

8. The results in Figure 5 show that the overall DPOAE response is very comparable in amplitude compared to which component?

   • the distortion component

   • the reflection component

   • the middle-ear muscle reflex

9. In regard to stimulus level, how was stimulus level related to the number of fine-structure peaks?

   • more peaks with higher stimulus levels

   • more peaks with lower stimulus levels

   • no difference in peak count with change in level

10. The major limitation of performing DPOAEs to obtain fine structure with standard fixed-frequency stimuli is:

    • cost

    • time

    • lack of code