Int J Sports Med 2018; 39(09): 661-667
DOI: 10.1055/a-0633-9308
Training & Testing
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

The Effect of Increasing Jump Steps on Stance Leg Joint Kinetics in Bounding

Yasushi Kariyama
1   Faculty of Sport Science, Yamanashi Gakuin University, Kofu, Japan
,
Hiroaki Hobara
2   National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Human Informatics Research Institute, Koto-ku, Japan
,
Koji Zushi
3   Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History



accepted 23 April 2018

Publication Date:
20 June 2018 (online)

Abstract

Jump distance per step in bounding exercises from the standing position increases with increasing number of steps. We examined the hypothesis that the joint kinetic variables of the stance leg would also increase accordingly. Eleven male athletes (sprinters and jumpers) performed bounding exercise, starting from the double-leg standing posture, and covered the longest distance possible by performing a series of seven forward alternating single-leg jumps. Kinematic and kinetic data were calculated using the data by a motion capture system and force platforms. Hip extension joint work were decreased at third step (1st: 1.07±0.22, 3rd: 0.45±0.15, 5th: 0.47±0.14 J•kg−1; partial η2: 0.86), and hip abduction joint power were increased (1st: 7.53±3.29, 3rd: 13.50±4.44, 5th: 21.37±9.93 W•kg−1; partial η2: 0.58); the knee extension joint power were increased until the third step (1st: 14.43±4.94, 3rd: 17.13±3.59, 5th: 14.28±2.86 W•kg−1; partial η2: 0.29), and ankle plantar flexion joint power increased (1st: 34.14±5.33, 3rd: 37.46±4.45, 5th: 40.11±5.66 W•kg−1; partial η2: 0.53). These results contrast with our hypothesis, and indicate that increasing the jump distance during bounding exercises is not necessarily accompanied by increases in joint kinetics of stance leg. Moreover, changes in joint kinetics vary at different joints and anatomical axes.

 
  • References

  • 1 Ae M. Body segment inertia parameters for Japanese children and athletes. Jpn J Sports Sci 1996; 15: 155-162 in Japanese
  • 2 Aura O, Viitasalo JT. Biomechanical characteristics of jumping. Int J Sport Biomech 1989; 5: 89-98
  • 3 Baechle TR, Earle WR. Essential of Strength Training and Conditioning. 3rd ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2008: 414-417
  • 4 Behrens M, Mau-Moeller A, Bruhn S. Effect of plyometric training on neural and mechanical properties of the knee extensor muscles. Int J Sports Med 2014; 35: 101-119
  • 5 Belli A, Kyröläinen H, Komi PV. Moment and power of lower limb joints in running. Int J Sports Med 2002; 23: 136-141
  • 6 Bezodis IN, Kerwin DG, Salo AI. Lower-limb mechanics during the support phase of maximum-velocity sprinting. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008; 40: 707-715
  • 7 Bobbert MF. Drop jumping as a training method for jumping ability. Sports Med 1990; 9: 7-22
  • 8 Chamari K, Chaouachi A, Hambli M, Kaouech F, Wisløff U, Castagna C. The five-jump test for distance as a field test to assess lower limb explosive power in soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 2008; 22: 944-950
  • 9 Charalambous L, Irwin G, Bezodis IN, Kerwin D. Lower limb joint kinetics and ankle joint stiffness in the sprint start push-off. J Sports Sci 2012; 30: 1-9
  • 10 Chu DA, Myer GD. Plyometrics. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2013: 109-188
  • 11 Dorn TW, Schache AG, Pandy MG. Muscular strategy shift in human running: dependence of running speed on hip and ankle muscle performance. J Exp Biol 2012; 215: 1944-1956
  • 12 Ferguson CJ. An effect size primer: A guide for clinicians and researchers. Prof Psychol Res Pract 2009; 40: 532-538
  • 13 Fleischmann J, Gehring D, Mornieux G, Gollhofer A. Task-specific initial impact phase adjustments in lateral jumps and lateral landings. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 111: 2327-2337
  • 14 Harriss DJ, Macsween A, Atkinson G. Standards for ethics in sport and exercise science research: 2018 update. Int J Sports Med 2017; 38: 1126-1131
  • 15 Havens KL, Sigward SM. Joint and segmental mechanics differ between cutting maneuvers in skilled athletes. Gait Posture 2015; 41: 33-38
  • 16 Heinert BL, Kernozek TW, Greany JF, Fater DC. Hip abductor weakness and lower extremity kinematics during running. J Sport Rehabil 2008; 17: 243-256
  • 17 Holm DJ, Stålbom M, Keogh JW, Cronin J. Relationship between the kinetics and kinematics of a unilateral horizontal drop jump to sprint performance. J Strength Cond Res 2008; 22: 1589-1596
  • 18 Houck JR, Duncan A, De Haven KE. Comparison of frontal plane trunk kinematics and hip and knee moments during anticipated and unanticipated walking and side step cutting tasks. Gait Posture 2006; 24: 314-322
  • 19 Ito A, Fukuda K, Kijima K. Mid-phase movements of Tyson Gay and Asafa Powell in the 100 metres at the 2007 World Championships in Athletics. New Stud Athlet 2008; 23: 39-43
  • 20 Japan Clinical Gait Analysis Forum. A manual for the use of data interface file of gait analysis, issued by Japan Clinical Gait Analysis Forum. 1992 (in Japanese)
  • 21 Kariyama Y, Hobara H, Zushi K. Differences in take-off leg kinetics between horizontal and vertical single-leg rebound jumps. Sports Biomech 2007; 16: 187-200
  • 22 Kuitunen S, Komi PV, Kyröläinen H. Knee and ankle joint stiffness in sprint running. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002; 34: 166-173
  • 23 Mero A, Komi PV. EMG, force and power analysis of sprint-specific strength exercises. J Appl Biomech 1994; 10: 1-13
  • 24 Nagahara R, Matsubayashi T, Matsuo A, Zushi K. Kinematics of transition during human accelerated sprinting. Biol Open 2014; 3: 689-699
  • 25 Okuyama K, Ae M, Yokozawa T. Three dimensional joint torque of the takeoff leg in the fosbury flop style. Proceedings of the XIXth Congress of the International Society of the Biomechanics 2003
  • 26 Reiman MP, Manske RC. Functional Testing in Human Performance. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2009: 131-190
  • 27 Schache AG, Blanch PD, Dorn TW, Brown NA, Rosemond D, Pandy MG. Effect of running speed on lower limb joint kinetics. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 43: 1260-1271
  • 28 Shimizu Y, Ae M. Three-dimensional analysis of the takeoff motion in the long jump. ISBS – Conference Proceedings Archive 2013
  • 29 Stefanyshyn DJ, Nigg BM. Dynamic angular stiffness of the ankle joint during running and sprinting. J Appl Biomech 1998; 14: 292-299
  • 30 Suzuki Y, Ae M, Takenaka S, Fujii N. Comparison of support leg kinetics between side-step and cross-step cutting techniques. Sports Biomech 2014; 13: 144-153
  • 31 Taube W, Leukel C, Lauber B, Gollhofer A. The drop height determines neuromuscular adaptations and changes in jump performance in stretch-shortening cycle training. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2012; 22: 671-683
  • 32 Wang LI, Peng HT. Biomechanical comparisons of single- and double-legged drop jumps with changes in drop height. Int J Sports Med 2014; 35: 522-527
  • 33 Wells SP, Winter DA. Assessment of signal and noise in the kinematics of normal, pathological and sporting gaits. In: Human Locomotion I: Pathological Gait to the Elite Athlete. Proceedings of the special conference of the Canadian Society for Biomechanics.. London, Ontario: 1980: 92-93
  • 34 Young W. Plyometrics: Sprint bounding and the sprint bound index. Strength & Conditioning Journal 1992; 14: 18-21
  • 35 Young W, Marino W. The importance of bounding in the jumping events. Modern Athlete & Coach 1985; 23: 11-13
  • 36 Young WB, Wilson GJ, Byrne C. A comparison of drop jump training methods: effects on leg extensor strength qualities and jumping performance. Int J Sports Med 1999; 20: 295-303