Einfluss einer strukturierten Nachsorge auf die Therapietreue bei OSAS-Patienten unter CPAP-Therapie

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Die Therapie mit CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure therapy) ist die Referenztherapie beim mittel- und hochgradigen obstruktiven Schlafapnoesyndrom (OSAS). Die Therapietreue bei diesem Verfahren ist jedoch nicht zufriedenstellend. Ziel der Untersuchung war die Analyse der Einflussfaktoren auf die Therapietreue sowie die Evaluation, ob eine strukturierte Nachsorge die Therapietreue verbessert.

Material und Methoden In dieser Studie wurden alle Patienten (n = 237) mit der Diagnose eines milden bis schweren OSAS und einer neu angepassten CPAP-Therapie im Zeitraum zwischen 2011 und 2013 untersucht. Die Nachsorgetermine fanden alle 1593,7 ± 77,4 CPAP-Betriebsstunden statt.

Ergebnisse Unter Therapie nahm der AHI-Wert (Apnoe-Hypopnoe-Index) signifikant ab (5,6 ± 8,5/h; p < 0,001). 79 % erfüllten die Kriterien einer CPAP-Therapietreue (mindestens 4 Betriebsstunden an 7 Tagen pro Woche). Es gab keine signifikanten Einflüsse von demografischen, klinischen oder pharmakologischen Charakteristika der Patienten auf die Therapietreue. Die häufigsten Probleme unter CPAP-Therapie waren Trockenheit der Nasen- und Rachenschleimhäute (43,7 %) und Druckstellen (22,4 %). Die CPAP-Therapietreue korrelierte nicht mit den Werten der Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Die Zufriedenheit mit der Nachsorge korrelierte signifikant mit der Therapietreue (r = 0,185; p = 0,032), während der Therapiedruck keinen signifikanten Einfluss hierauf zeigte (r = −0,072; p = 0,383).

Schlussfolgerungen Eine strukturierte, individuell angepasste Nachsorge ist wichtig für die Therapietreue. In Zukunft sollte im Rahmen der Nachsorge neben der Kontrolle des Therapieerfolges mehr Aufmerksamkeit auf Aspekte der Problemlösung, Rückkopplung, Schulung und Motivation gerichtet werden.

Abstract

Objective Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is the reference therapy for moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). However, CPAP adherence is dissatisfying. We analyzed influencing factors on CPAP adherence and we evaluated if a structured follow-up enhances its adherence.

Material and methods In this study all patients (n = 237) with a newly adjusted CPAP therapy due to the diagnosis of mild to severe OSAS between 2011 and 2013 were investigated. Follow-up took place every 1593.7 ± 77.4 CPAP operation hours.

Results AHI (Apnea-hypopnea index) decreased significantly during therapy (5.6 ± 8.5/h; p < 0.001). 79 % fulfilled the criteria of CPAP adherence (at least 4 operation hours at 7 days a week). There were no significant influences on CPAP adherence seen in patients’ demographic, clinical and pharmacological characteristics. The most common problems of patients receiving a CPAP therapy were dryness of the mucous membranes (43.7 %) and pressure marks (22.4 %). Considering the changes in Epworth Sleepiness Scale there were no significant relations to CPAP adherence. Satisfaction with our follow-up significantly correlated with CPAP adherence (r = 0.185; p = 0.032), whereas therapy pressure did not have any significant influence on CPAP adherence (r = −0.072; p = 0.383).

Conclusion A structured and individually adapted follow-up is important. In future, apart from control of therapy success, greater attention in the follow-up of CPAP therapy should be given to aspects of problem solution, feedback, education, and motivation.

Schlüsselwörter

Obstruktive Schlafapnoe - Kontinuierliche Überdrucktherapie - CPAP-Therapietreue - Langzeit-Nachsorge - Apnoe-Hypopnoe-Index

Key words

obstructive sleep apnea - continuous positive airway pressure therapy - CPAP adherence - long-term follow-up - apnea-hypopnea-index

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