Effect of Artemisia Aucheri.L and Bupivacaine Encapsulated Nanoparticles on Nociceptive Pain

Abstract

Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive interaction between bupivacaine and Artemisia aucheri. L encapsulated nanoparticles.

Methods and materials The effect of bupivacaine and Artemisia aucheri.L alone, and their encapsulated co-administration was assessed using the 3% formalin test in rat. Increasing doses of bupivacaine (31.6, 100, 178, and 316 mg/kg) or Artemisia aucheri.L (5.6, 10, 17.8, and 31.6 mg/kg) were given i.p. 10 min before 3% formalin administration.

Results The possible mechanism(s) of action were analyzed for the encapsulated co-administration, naloxone (1 mg/kg) and N (G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (3 mg/kg) were used. Interaction index and isobolographic analysis and the demonstrated a synergistic effect. The experimental ED30 was lower as compared with theoretical ED30. Naloxone was shown to reduce the antinociceptive effect of the encapsulated co-administration.

Discussion These data suggest that the bupivacaine and Artemisia aucheri.L encapsulated nanoparticles gave a synergistic effect.

Key words

bupivacaine - artemisia aucheri.L - encapsulated

• References

• 1 Iwane T, Maruyama M, Matsuki M. et al. Management of intractable pain in adiposis dolorosa with intravenous administration of lidocaine. Anesth Analg 1976; 55: 257-259
• 2 Lindström P, Lindblom U. The analgesic effect of tocainide in trigeminal neuralgia. Pain 1987; 28: 45-50
• 3 Kastrup J, Petersen P, Dejgård A. et al. Intravenous lidocaine infusion – a new treatment of chronic painful diabetic neuropathy?. Pain 1987; 28: 69-75
• 4 Gerlock Jr. AJ, Duncan TR, Nickell LR. Intravenous lidocaine: an effective analgesic for lower extremity venography. Radiology 1979; 133: 789-790
• 5 Calimlim JF, Wardell WM, Davis HT. et al. Analgesic efficacy of an orally administered combination of pentazocine and aspirin. With observations on the use and statistical efficiency of GLOBAL subjective efficacy ratings. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1977; 21: 34-43
• 6 Raffa RB, Friderichs E, Reimann W. et al. Opioid and nonopioid components independently contribute to the mechanism of action of tramadol, an ‘atypical’ opioid analgesic. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992; 260: 275-285
• 7 Raffa RB, Friderichs E, Reimann W. et al. Complementary and synergistic antinociceptive interaction between the enantiomers of tramadol. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993; 267: 331-340
• 8 Raffa RB. Pharmacology of oral combination analgesics: Rational therapy for pain. J Clin Pharm Ther 2001; p 257-264
• 9 Espejo EF, Mir D. Structure of the rat’s behaviour in the hot plate test. Behav Brain Res 1993; 56: 171-176
• 10 Miranda HF, Puig MM, Prieto JC. et al. Synergism between paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in experimental acute pain. Pain 2006; 121: 22-28
• 11 Miranda HF, Sierralta F, Prieto JC. Synergism between NSAIDs in the orofacial formalin test in mice. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav 2009; 92: 314-318
• 12 Qiu HX, Liu J, Kong H. et al. Isobolographic analysis of the antinociceptive interactions between ketoprofen and paracetamol. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 557: 141-146
• 13 Zimmermann M. Ethical considerations in relation to pain in animal experimentation. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 1986; 554: 221-233
• 14 Duan Y, Liu H, Li J. et al. Preparation and evaluation of a porous P(NIPAAm-MAA-EDMA) monolithic column for HPLC. Chromatographia 2012; 75: 87-93
• 15 Daraee H, Eatemadi A, Abbasi E. et al. Application of gold nanoparticles in biomedical and drug delivery. Artif. cells, nanomedicine, Biotechnol 2016; 44: 410-422
• 16 Daraee H, Etemadi A, Kouhi M. et al. Application of liposomes in medicine and drug delivery. Artif cells, nanomedicine, Biotechnol 2016; 44: 381-391
• 17 Kurd K, Khandagi AA, Soodabeh Davaran AA. Cisplatin release from dual-responsive magnetic nanocomposites. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, Biotechnol 2015; 44: 1031-1039
• 18 Eatemadi A, Darabi M, Afraidooni L. et al. Comparison, synthesis and evaluation of anticancer drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles on breast cancer cell lines. Artif. cells, nanomedicine, Biotechnol 2016; 44: 1008-1017
• 19 Mantha VRR, Nair HK, Venkataramanan R. et al. Nanoanesthesia: A novel, intravenous approach to ankle block in the rat by magnet-directed concentration of ropivacaine-associated nanoparticles. Anesth Analg 2014; 118: 1355-1362
• 20 Sivudu KS, Rhee KY. Preparation and characterization of pH-responsive hydrogel magnetite nanocomposite. Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem Eng Asp 2009; 349: 29-34
• 21 Zhang Z, Feng SS. The drug encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of paclitaxel-loaded poly(lactide)-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2006; 27: 4025-4033
• 22 Argüelles C. Peripheral antinociceptive action of morphine and the synergistic interaction with lamotrigine. Anesthesiology 2002; 921-925
• 23 Tallarida RJ. Drug synergism: its detection and applications. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001; 298: 865-872
• 24 Tallarida RJ, Stone DJ, McCary JD. et al. Response surface analysis of synergism between morphine and clonidine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999; 289: 8-13
• 25 Tallarida RJ. The interaction index: A measure of drug synergism. Pain 2002; 98: 163-168
• 26 Belelli D, Pistis M, Peters JA. et al. General anaesthetic action at transmitter-gated inhibitory amino acid receptors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1999; p 496-502
• 27 Berenbaum MC. What is Synergy?. Pharmacol Rev 1989; 41: 93-141
• 28 Dongen RT, Crul BJ, Egmond J. Intrathecal coadministration of bupivacaine diminishes morphine dose progression during long-term intrathecal infusion in cancer patients. Clin J Pain 1999; p 166-172