Sportverletz Sportschaden 2020; 34(02): 84-95
DOI: 10.1055/a-0928-0990
Originalarbeit
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Sex Differences in Physiological Stress Induced by a Long-Lasting Adventure Race: A Prospective Observational Analytical Study

Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede Bei Physiologischem Stress Durch Langstrecken-Adventure-Racing: Eine Prospektive Beobachtungsanalyse
Romeu P.M. Silva
1   Federal University of Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, AC, Brazil
,
Alexandre Vilaça
2   University Center of the Araxá Plateau, Araxa, MG, Brazil
,
Fredy D. Guerra
2   University Center of the Araxá Plateau, Araxa, MG, Brazil
,
Antonio V. Mundim
3   Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
,
Guilherme G. de Agostini
3   Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
,
Luiz Carlos de Abreu
4   School of Medicine od ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
,
Zhang Zhiguo
5   Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
,
Isabel C. Sorpreso
6   University of Sao Paulo, USP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
Vitor E. Valenti
7   Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
,
Nilson Penha-Silva
3   Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
› Author Affiliations
Funding: This study received financial support to article processing charges from CNPq and Capes.
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
08 October 2019 (online)

Abstract

Background In order to provide additional information on the behaviour of biochemical parameters related to stress responses to a specific long-term competition, we aimed to compare the stressful effects of a long-lasting competition on physiological variables in men and women.

Methods This is a prospective observational analytical study. Twenty-five professional athletes, 15 men and 10 women, travelled 460 km for 4 days in an international edition of the Ecomotion/Pro AR World.

Results After the competition, we detected an increase in α-amylase and cortisol levels and a decrease in salivary immunoglobulin A (lgA) levels. The relative percentage changes in α-amylase, IgA and cortisol levels were significantly higher in women than in men, whereas women had lower relative percentage changes in glucose and lactate levels compared with men. There was a decrease in lymphocyte, eosinophil and monocyte counts, with relative percentage decreases in lymphocytes and monocytes being significantly higher in female athletes than in males. There were increases in the serum activities of total creatine kinase (CK), the creatine kinase myocardial isoform (CKMB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at the end of the test, with significantly higher elevations of total CK, CKMB and LDH in men and ALT in women.

Conclusion Long-lasting competition induced stress, muscle damage, anaemia and changes in the immune system. Women had more intense responses of cortisol and leukocytes.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Um zusätzliche Informationen zum Verhalten biochemischer Parameter in Verbindung mit stressbedingten Reaktionen auf einen speziellen Langstreckenwettkampf zu gewinnen, verglichen wir die stressbedingten Auswirkungen eines Langstreckenwettkampfs auf physiologische Variablen bei Männern und Frauen.

Methoden Bei dieser Studie handelt es sich um eine prospektive Beobachtungsanalyse. 25 Profisportler (15 Männer und 10 Frauen) legten in einer internationalen Ausgabe der Ecomotion/Pro AR World in 4 Tagen 460 km zurück.

Ergebnisse Nach dem Wettkampf fanden sich erhöhte α-Amylase- und Kortisolspiegel sowie eine Abnahme der Immunglobulin-A(IgA)-Spiegel im Speichel. Die relativen prozentualen Veränderungen der α-Amylase-, IgA- und Kortisolspiegel waren bei Frauen signifikant höher als bei Männern. Frauen wiesen geringere relative Veränderungen der Glukose- und Laktatwerte auf als Männer. Es zeigte sich eine Abnahme der Lymphozyten-, Eosinophilen- und Monozytenzahlen, wobei die relative prozentuale Abnahme der Lymphozyten und Monozyten bei weiblichen Athleten signifikant höher ausfiel als bei männlichen. Am Ende des Tests wurden signifikant höhere Serumaktivitäten der Gesamtkreatinkinase (CK), der Kreatinkinase-Myokard-Isoform (CKMB), der Alanin-Aminotransferase (ALT), der Aspartat-Aminotransferase (AST) und der Laktatdehydrogenase (LDH) gemessen. Hierbei wiesen die Männer eine signifikant höhere Zunahme der Gesamt-CK-, CKMB- und LDH-Werte auf, während bei den Frauen der ALT-Wert signifikant stärker erhöht war.

Fazit Der Langzeitwettkampf führte zu Stress, Muskelschäden, Blutarmut und Veränderungen im Immunsystem. Frauen zeigten intensivere Reaktionen bei den Kortisol- und Leukozytenwerten.

 
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