Eine einfache Methode zum Ausschluss unzureichender Phosphorverdaulichkeit bei wachsenden Schweinen

Zusammenfassung

Gegenstand und Ziel Speziesunterschiede im Kalzium- und Phosphorstoffwechsel lassen sich quantitativ über die Berechnung der Kalzium/Phosphor-Quotienten in Futter und Kot darstellen. In der vorliegenden Meta-Analyse wurde überprüft, ob auf diese Weise eine Aussage zur Phosphorverdaulichkeit bei wachsenden Schweinen getroffen werden kann, um einen möglichst einfachen Prüfparameter zu definieren. Dies ist in Fällen sinnvoll, in denen trotz adäquater Kalzium- und Phosphorgehalte des Futters der Verdacht auf einen Phosphormangel besteht.

Material und Methoden Es wurden 34 Studien mit phytasesupplementierten Rationen (PHYT; Datensätze n = 110) und entsprechenden Kontrollrationen (CON; Datensätze n = 106) anhand der Parameter Kalzium- und Phosphoraufnahme, fäkale Kalzium- und Phosphorausscheidung und der jeweiligen scheinbaren Verdaulichkeit ausgewertet. Für beide Mineralien kam ein modifizierter Lucas-Test zur Anwendung, indem eine Regressionsberechnung von fäkaler Ausscheidung gegen Aufnahme (beides in mg/kg KM^0,75) durchgeführt wurde.

Ergebnisse Der Lucas-Test zeigte keinen signifikanten Unterschied der fäkalen Kalziumausscheidung zwischen PHYT und CON (p = 0,29), während der in der Literatur vielfach beschriebene positive Effekt der Phytase auf die Phosphorverdaulichkeit sehr deutlich wurde (p < 0,01). Die fäkalen Kalzium/Phosphor-Quotienten aller Datensätze wurden berechnet und gruppiert, und zwar nach der Körpermasse (KM) der Tiere sowie der scheinbaren Phosphorverdaulichkeit (KM ≤ 30 kg: scheinbare Phosphorverdaulichkeit ≤ 60 % und > 60 %; KM > 30 kg: scheinbare Phosphorverdaulichkeit ≤ 40 % und > 40 %).

Schlussfolgerung Aus der Datenverteilung im Box Plot kann – unter der Voraussetzung eines Kalzium/Phosphor-Verhältnisses im Futter von ≥ 1,2 – bei einem fäkalen Kalzium/Phosphor-Quotienten von > 1,5 (für Schweine ≤ 30 kg KM) bzw. > 1,2 (für Schweine > 30 kg KM) auf eine hohe scheinbare Phosphorverdaulichkeit von über 60 % bzw. 40 % geschlossen werden.

Klinische Relevanz Werden in Kotproben Kalzium/Phosphor-Quotienten über diesen Schwellenwerten erreicht, ist eine schlechte Phosphorverdaulichkeit somit unwahrscheinlich. Bei fäkalen Kalzium/Phosphor-Quotienten unterhalb dieser „Grenzwerte“ ist keine Einschätzung der Phosphorverdaulichkeit möglich.

Abstract

Objective Species differences in calcium and phosphorus metabolism can be expressed via dietary and faecal calcium/phosphorus ratios. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to use faecal Ca/P ratios as an indicator of phosphorus digestibility in growing pigs as a simple diagnostic tool. This tool can be useful in cases of suspected phosphorus deficiency but adequate dietary calcium and phosphorus contents.

Material and methods Studies (n = 34) with phytase-supplemented (PHYT; n = 110) and non-supplemented control (CON; n = 106) diets were analysed for dietary intake, faecal excretion and apparent digestibility of calcium and phosphorus. A modified Lucas-test was used for both minerals plotting intake against faecal excretion (mg/kg body weight^0.75).

Results For calcium, there was no significant difference between PHYT and CON (p = 0.29) while in accordance with literature, the relative faecal phosphorus excretion was significantly lower in PHYT than CON (p < 0.01). Faecal calcium/phosphorus ratios were calculated and grouped according to the animals’ body weight and apparent phosphorus digestibility (body weight ≤ 30 kg: apparent phosphorus digestibility ≤ 60 % and > 60 %; body weight > 30 kg: apparent phosphorus digestibility ≤ 40 % and > 40 %).

Conclusion Data distribution as displayed in a box plot shows that – given a dietary Ca/P ratio of > 1.2 – faecal Ca/P ratios of > 1.5 in pigs with a body weight of ≤ 30 kg and of > 1.2 in pigs with a body weight of > 30 kg indicate a high apparent digestibility of phosphorus of > 60 % and > 40 %, respectively.

Clinical relevance When faecal samples reveal a Ca/P ratio above the indicated thresholds, a low phosphorus digestibility is unlikely. No conclusion regarding the apparent phosphorus digestibility can be drawn from faecal Ca/P ratios below this threshold.

Schlüsselwörter

Phytase - Tierernährung - Phosphormangel - Verdaulichkeit

Key words

Phytase - phosphorus deficiency - minerals - animal nutrition

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