Die Zukunft der Nuklearmedizin ist digital – Grundlagen und klinische Vorteile von CZT-basierten Gammakameras

Zusammenfassung

Die Nuklearmedizin geht auf ihre technologischen Wurzeln bis in die 1950er-Jahre mit der Erfindung der Anger-Kamera zurück. Obwohl sich die Technik seitdem stetig weiterentwickelt hat, hat sich das zugrunde liegende Funktionsprinzip des Detektors in dieser Zeit nicht verändert und Grenzen im Bereich der Leistung von Gammakameras gesetzt. Mit dem Einsatz von Cadmium-Zink-Tellurid (CZT)-Detektoren mit direkter Konversionstechnologie werden diese traditionellen Grenzen überwunden. CZT-basierte Gammakameras können heute dank der geringen Abmessungen der pixelierten CZT-Detektormodule mit vollständig neuer und unkonventioneller Systemgeometrie entworfen werden. Im Vergleich zu den konventionellen Gammakameras haben CZT-basierte Gammakameras eine deutlich verbesserte Systemleistung, die sich im Wesentlichen aus räumlicher Auflösung, Energieauflösung, Sensitivität und Totzeit zusammensetzt. Diese verbesserten Eigenschaften erhöhen den Patientenkomfort und die diagnostische Konfidenz. Durch kürzere Untersuchungszeiten und/oder eingesparte Dosis können Arbeitsabläufe optimiert werden und neue Untersuchungen wie die simultane duale Isotopenuntersuchung oder die Bestimmung des myokardialen Blutflusses und der koronaren Flussreserve durchgeführt werden.

Abstract

With the invention of the Anger camera nuclear medicine dates to its technological roots in the 1950s. Although technology was continuously improving, the basic function of the gamma detector never changed which sets the boundaries of its current performance. These obstacles were overcome with the implementation of Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride (CZT) detectors with direct conversion. Today, thanks to small dimensions of the pixelated CZT detector modules, CZT-based gamma cameras can be designed with completely new and unconventional geometry. Compared to conventional gamma cameras, CZT has a clearly improved overall system performance in terms of spatial and energy resolution, sensitivity and dead time. These improved features increase patient comfort and satisfaction as well as diagnostic confidence. Shorter scan times and/or reduced dose help improve clinical workflows and enable new studies like simultaneous dual isotope examination or the determination of myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve.

Schlüsselwörter

CZT-Detektor - direkte Konversionstechnologie - dedizierte Herzkamera - CZT-basierte Großfeldgammakamera - Dosisreduktion - simultane duale Isotopendetektion

Keywords

CZT detector - direct conversion - dedicated cardiac gamma camera - CZT-based general purpose gamma camera - dose reduction - simultaneous dual-isotope imaging

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