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Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2020; 88(02): 109-117
DOI: 10.1055/a-1033-7304
Originalarbeit

Die anderen und ich: Wie soziale Interaktionen die Wahrnehmung des anderen verändern. Das Cyberball-Paradigma und seine Indikationen im Migrationskontext

The others and I: How social interactions change the perception of other persons. The Cyberball paradigm and its indications in the migration context
Maryam Roayaee
1   Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
2   Institut für Psychologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
,
Rasha Abdel Rahman
,
Meggie Danziger
3   Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, gemeinsame Einrichtung der Freien Universität Berlin, der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin und des Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Campus Mitte
4   QUEST – Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH),, 10178, Berlin Germany
,
Luke Tudge
1   Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
2   Institut für Psychologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
,
Laura S. Daedelow
3   Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, gemeinsame Einrichtung der Freien Universität Berlin, der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin und des Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Campus Mitte
,
Andreas Heinz
3   Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, gemeinsame Einrichtung der Freien Universität Berlin, der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin und des Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Campus Mitte
,
Torsten Wüstenberg
3   Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, gemeinsame Einrichtung der Freien Universität Berlin, der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin und des Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Campus Mitte
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Zusammenfassung

Welche Wirkung hat soziale Ausgrenzung auf die Wahrnehmung des Gegenübers und wie kann dieser Effekt mithilfe experimenteller Methoden erfasst werden? Die Beantwortung dieser Frage kann Psychologen, Soziologen, aber auch Klinikern wertvolle Erkenntnisse für das Verständnis und den konkreten Umgang mit den betroffenen Menschen oder Gruppen geben. Zu den gesellschaftlichen Gruppen, die besonders häufig mit sozialer Ausgrenzung konfrontiert sind, gehören z. B. Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen, Migranten oder auch ethnische Minderheiten.

In diesem Artikel präsentieren wir die Ergebnisse einer experimentellen Vorstudie an gesunden Probanden, in der wir mithilfe einer modifizierten Version des Cyberball-Paradigmas untersuchten, welche Effekte soziale Ausgrenzung auf die spontane Bewertung von Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen wie Attraktivität, Vertrauenswürdigkeit, Aggressivität und Dominanz hat. Die Ergebnisse unserer Studie zeigen, dass sich diese Effekte mithilfe des Cyberball-Paradigmas quantifizieren lassen und sich die Wahrnehmung des Gegenübers schon nach relativ kurzer sozialer Interaktion in Abhängigkeit von deren Valenz verändert.

Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Befunde diskutieren wir das Potenzial dieses Paradigmas zur Untersuchung von sozialen Faktoren, die bei der Entwicklung von psychischen Erkrankungen bei Migranten eine Rolle spielen können, und besprechen die zu beachtenden Besonderheiten bei einer prospektiven Anwendung in den anfänglich erwähnten Risikogruppen.

Abstract

What effect does social exclusion have on the perception of the other person and how can this effect be recorded with the help of experimental methods? Answering this question can provide psychologists, sociologists and clinicians with valuable insights for understanding as well as for concrete interaction with the people or groups concerned. Social groups that are particularly frequently confronted with social exclusion include people with mental illness, migrants and ethnic minorities. In this article we present the results of an experimental preliminary study on healthy volunteers in which we used a modified version of the cyberball paradigm to investigate the effects of social exclusion on the spontaneous assessment of personality traits such as attractiveness, trustworthiness, aggressiveness and dominance. The results of our study show that these effects can be quantified with the help of the cyberball paradigm and that the perception of the other person changes after a relatively short period of social interaction depending on their valence. Against the background of these findings, we discuss the potential of this paradigm to investigate social factors that can play a role in the development of mental illness in migrants and discuss the particularities to be considered in prospective application in the risk groups mentioned above.

Stichwörter

Soziale Interaktion - Soziale Wahrnehmung - Cyberball - Migration

Key words

Social interaction - Social perception - Cyberball - Migration


Publication History

Received: 07 May 2019

Accepted: 22 October 2019

Article published online:
26 February 2020

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Stuttgart · New York

 

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