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Diabetes aktuell 2020; 18(06): 234-240
DOI: 10.1055/a-1237-6833
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© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Einfluss erhöhter Lipoprotein-konzentrationen auf die Prognose von Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus

Ulrich Julius
1   Lipidologie und Zentrum für extrakorporale Therapie, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden
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Publication Date:
16 October 2020 (online)

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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

In dieser Übersicht wird der gegenwärtige Kenntnisstand zu Erhöhungen der Lipoproteinkonzentrationen bei Menschen mit Diabetes im Hinblick auf die Prognose in 3 Kategorien dargestellt: Entwicklung von kardiovaskulären Ereignissen, akute Pankreatitis, Neuauftreten eines Diabetes. Triglyzeridanstiege sind sehr wahrscheinlich atherogen. Exzessiv erhöhte Triglyzeridspiegel werden im Rahmen eines Chylomikronämie-Syndroms beobachtet, das akute Pankreatitiden induzieren kann. Im Fokus steht bei Diabetespatienten LDL-Cholesterin, das auch bei einer leichten Anhebung das Risiko für Arteriosklerose erhöht, zumal die LDL-Partikel chemisch modifiziert sein können. Hier stehen als Therapieoptionen Statine, aber auch Ezetimib und PCSK9-Inhibitoren und als ultima ratio eine Lipoproteinapherese zur Verfügung. Die jüngsten internationalen Richtlinien der ESC/EAS haben die LDL-Cholesterin-Zielwerte deutlich herabgesetzt. Es wird die Relevanz der Parameter Non-HDL-Cholesterin und Apolipoprotein B diskutiert. Eine zunehmend größere Bedeutung als Risikofaktor hat der Lipoprotein(a)-Spiegel. Triglyzeriderhöhungen sind mit dem Neuauftreten eines Diabetes verknüpft, während dies bei hohen Lipoprotein(a)-Spiegeln eher nicht der Fall ist.

 

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