Download PDF
Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 2021; 42(05): 267-274
DOI: 10.1055/a-1406-4890
Porträt

Hoodia gordonii (Masson) Sweet ex Decaisne

Klaus Peter Latté
› Further Information
    Permissions and Reprints

Zusammenfassung

Hoodia gordonii wird seit Langem von den indigenen Einwohnern des südlichen Afrikas, den Khoisan, zur Stillung des Hungers und des Durstes während langer Jagdreisen angewendet. Zahlreiche seltene Steroidglykoside wurden isoliert, u.a. auch die Substanz „P57“, die als wirksamer Stoff angesehen wurde. Einige Wirkmechanismen wurden für die Steroidglykoside und für Extrakte beschrieben, die die appetitunterdrückende Wirkung belegen. Ausgehend von diesem Wissen wurden von internationalen Firmen in den 1990er und 2000er Jahren Produkte mit H. gordonii bzw. „P57“ zur Gewichtsreduktion bei Übergewicht entwickelt. Nur eine klinische Studie ist jedoch in voller Länge veröffentlicht, in der eine Gewichtsreduktion bei Übergewicht nicht bestätigt werden konnte. Die Nutzung und Vermarktung dieser Pflanze war aufgrund von Fragen zu den „intellectual property rights“ und zum sog. „benefit sharing“ sehr umstritten.

Abstract

Hoodia gordonii has been used for a long time by indigenous people of Southern Africa, the Khoisan, as a hunger and thirst suppressant food during long hunting trips. Numerous rare steroid glycosides were isolated, including compound “P57” which was regarded as the active principle. Several modes of action were described for the steroid glycosides and extracts, which confirm the appetite-suppressing effects. Based on this knowledge, products derived from H. gordonii and “P57” were developed by international companies against obesity in the 1990s and 2000s. Only one clinical study was published in full length which could not confirm anti-obesity activity. The use and commercialization of this plant was highly controversial due to intellectual property rights and issues related to benefit sharing.

Schlüsselwörter

Hoodia gordonii - Apocynaceae - Khoisan - Appetitzügler - Übergewichtsreduktion - Steroidglykoside

Keywords

Hoodia gordonii - Apocynaceae - Khoisan - appetite-suppressant - anti-obesity activity - steroid glycosides


Publication History

Article published online:
25 October 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

  • Literatur

  • 1 Blom WAM, Abrahamse SL, Bradford R. et al Effects of 15-d repeated consumption of Hoodia gordonii purified extract on safety, ad libitum energy intake, and body weight in healthy, overweight women: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94: 1171-1181
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Brendler T, Eloff JN, Gurib-Fakim A, Phillips LD. ed African Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Hoodia gordonii. Port Louis, Mauritius: Association for African Medicinal Plants Standards; 2010: 147-151
    Google Scholar
  • 3 Bruyns P. A revision of Hoodia and Lavrania (Asclepiadaceae – Stapeliae). Botanische Jahrbücher 1993; 115: 145-270
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit (BVL). Stofflisten des Bundes und der Länder. Berlin, 2. Aufl. 2020; Einträge zu Hoodia gordonii und H. parviflora
    PubMed
  • 5 Chinsembu WW, Chinsembu KC. “Poisoned Chalice”: Law on access to biological and genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge in Namibia. Resources 2020; 9: 83
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Dall’Acqua S, Innocenti G. Steroidal glycosides from Hoodia gordonii. Steroids 2007; 72: 559-568
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Dent MP, Wolterbeek APM, Russell PJ, Bradford R. Safety profile of Hoodia gordonii extract: Mouse prenatal developmental toxicity study. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50 (Suppl. 1): S20-S25
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Dent MP, Wolterbeek APM, Russell PJ, Bradford R. Safety profile of Hoodia gordonii extract: Rabbit prenatal developmental toxicity study. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50 (Suppl. 1): S26-S33
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies et al. Safety of dried aerial parts of Hoodia parviflora as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 258/97 EFSA Journal; 2017 15. 5002
    PubMed
  • 10 Endress ME, Bruyns PV. A revised classification for the Apocynaceae s.l. The Botanical Review 2000; 66: 1-56
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Glasl S. Hoodia: A herb used in South African traditional medicine – a potential cure for overweight? Pharmacognostic review of history, composition, health-related claims, scientific evidence and intellectual property rights. Schweiz Zschr GanzheitsMedizin 2009; 21: 300-306
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Jain S, Singh SN. Metabolic effect of short term administration of Hoodia gordonii, an herbal appetite suppressant. South African Journal of Botany 2013; 86: 51-55
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Jain S, Singh SN. Metabolic response of short term calorie restriction and supplementation with Hoodia gordonii. South African Journal of Botany 2014; 92: 73-77
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Joshi V, Techen N, Scheffler BE, Khan IA. Identification and differentiation between Hoodia gordonii (Masson) Sweet ex Decne., Opuntia ficus indica (L.) P. Miller, and related Hoodia species using microscopy and PCR. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants 2009; 15: 253-264
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Knight TL, Swindells CM, Craddock AM. et al Cultivation practices and manufacturing processes to produce Hoodia gordonii extract for weight management products. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50: S1-S5
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Komarnytsky S, Esposito D, Poulev A, Raskin I. Pregnane glycosides interfere with steroidogenic enzymes to down-regulate corticosteroid production in human adrenocortical H295R cells. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228: 1120-1126
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Le Nevé B, Foltz M, Daniel H, Gouka R. The steroid glycoside H.g.-12 from Hoodia gordonii activates the human bitter receptor TAS2R14 and induces CCK release form HuTu-80 cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 299: G1368-G1375
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Lee RA, Balick MJ. Indigenous use of Hoodia gordonii and appetite suppression. Explore 2007; 3: 404-406
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 MacLean DB, Luo L-G. Increased ATP content/production in the hypothalamus may be a signal for energy-sensing of satiety: studies of the anorectic mechanism of a plant steroidal glycoside. Brain Res 2004; 1020: 1-11
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Magdula VLM, Ashfaq MK, Wang Y-H. et al Bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and tissue distribution of the oxypregnane steroidal glycoside P57AS3 (P57) from Hoodia gordonii in mouse model. Planta Med 2010; 76: 1582-1586
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Maharaj VJ. Hoodia – a benefit sharing case study at CSIR. In: Phillips D. ed Plants, People and Nature – Benefit sharing in practice. Port Louis, Mauritius: AAMPS Publishing; 2009: 31-36
    Google Scholar
  • 22 Pawar RS, Shukla YJ, Khan SI. et al New oxypregnane glycosides from appetite suppressant herbal supplement Hoodia gordonii . Steroids 2007; 72: 524-534
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Pawar RS, Shukla YJ, Khan IA. New calogenin glycosides from Hoodia gordonii. Steroids 2007; 72: 881-891
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Pereira CA, Pereira LLS, Corrêa AD. et al Inhibição de enzimas digestivas pro extratos de pó de Hoodia gordonii utilizado no tratamento da obesidade. Revista Brasilieira de Biociências 2011; 9: 265-269
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Roza O, Lovász N, Zupkó I, Hohmann J, Csupor D. Sympathomimetic activity of a Hoodia gordonii product: A possible mechanism of cardiovascular side effects. BioMed Res Int 2013; 2013: 171059 DOI: 10.1155/2013/171059.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Scott AD, Orsi A, Ward C, Bradford R. Genotoxicity testing of a Hooda gordonii extract. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50: S34-S40
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Shukla YJ, Pawar RS, Ding Y. et al Pregnane glycosides from Hoodia gordonii. Phytochemistry 2009; 70: 675-683
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Smith C, Krygsman A. Hoodia gordonii extract targets both adipose and muscle tissue to achieve weight loss in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 155: 1284-1290
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Tibe O, Modise DM, Mogotsi KK. Potential for domestication and commercialization of Hoodia and Opuntia species in Botswana. African J Biotechnol 2008; 7: 1199-1203
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Van Heerden FR, Horak RM, Maharaj VJ. et al An appetite suppressant from Hoodia species. Phytochemistry 2007; 68: 2545-2553
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Van Heerden FR. Hoodia gordonii: A natural appetite suppressant. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 119: 434-437
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Vermaak I, Hamman JH, Viljoen AM. Hoodia gordonii: An up-to-date review of a commercially important anti-obesity plant. Planta Med 2011; 77: 1149-1160
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Zhang S, Ma Y, Li J. et al Molecular matchmaking between the popular weight-loss herb Hoodia gordonii and GPR119, a potential drug target for metabolic disorder. PNAS 2014; 111: 14571-14576
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar