Leistungsparameter und Erregernachweise in unterschiedlich geimpften Tiergruppen in Bezug auf das Porzine Circovirus Typ 2 und Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Zusammenfassung

Gegenstand und Ziel Atemwegserkrankungen, meist multifaktoriell bedingt, führen weltweit zu Problemen in Schweinepopulationen. Infektiöse Ursachen, wie das Porzine Circovirus Typ 2 (PCV2) und Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) können neben Management-, Haltungs- und Umweltfaktoren an der Krankheitsentstehung beteiligt sein. In einem konventionell wirtschaftenden, kombinierten Betrieb in Niedersachsen, auf dem die Ferkel nicht gegen PCV2 geimpft wurden, sollte überprüft werden, inwiefern die Einführung einer Impfung gegen PCV2 (Suvaxyn^® Circo + MH RTU, Zoetis) einen Effekt auf die Tiergesundheit hat und wie die Wirkung dieses Kombinationsimpfstoffes im Vergleich zu simultan verabreichten Monoimpfstoffen gegen PCV2 und M. hyopneumoniae zu bewerten ist.

Material und Methoden In einem zweiphasigen Versuch wurden 524 (Phase 1) bzw. 521 (Phase 2) klinisch gesunde Ferkel in der ersten Lebenswoche eingeschlossen. In der ersten Phase wurden Leistungsparameter bei Tieren verglichen, die nur gegen M. hyopneumoniae (Gruppe A) bzw. gegen PCV2 und M. hyopneumoniae (Gruppe B) geimpft worden waren. In Phase 2 wurden Impfungen gegen PCV2 und M. hyopneumoniae mit unterschiedlichen Impfstoffen verglichen (Gruppen C und D). Die Leistungsparameter umfassten die Verluste über die gesamte Lebensdauer der Tiere, die täglichen Zunahmen in der Säugephase, Aufzucht und Mast, sowie die stichprobenartig erfasste Erregerlast im Serum (PCV2) oder im Tracheobronchialsekret (M. hyopneumoniae). Zusätzlich wurde eine Beurteilung der Schlachtlungen durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse In der ersten Phase zeigte sich, dass die Gruppe, die die PCV2-Impfung erhalten hatte (Gruppe B: Suvaxyn^® Circo + MH RTU) in den Endmast- (+ 37 g, p = 0,012) und in den täglichen Gesamtzunahmen (+ 16 g, p = 0,013) einen signifikanten Unterschied zur Gruppe ohne PCV2-Impfung (Gruppe A) aufwies. In Gruppe A konnte signifikant häufiger eine PCV2-Virämie nachgewiesen werden. In der zweiten Phase konnte gezeigt werden, dass Gruppe D dem etablierten Impfschema von Gruppe C nicht unterlegen war. Nachweisraten für M. hyopneumoniae in den Tracheobronchialsekreten lagen bei Endmastschweinen in der 22. Lebenswoche gruppenübergreifend zwischen 27–80 %.

Schlussfolgerung Die Einführung einer Impfung gegen PCV2 führte zu einer verbesserten Tiergesundheit und zu höheren täglichen Zunahmen.

Klinische Relevanz Mit dem hier untersuchten Kombinationsimpfstoff steht Landwirten und Tierärzten eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Verbesserung der Tiergesundheit in der Schweinehaltung zur Verfügung.

Abstract

Objective Respiratory diseases, mostly multifactorial, cause problems in pig farms worldwide. Next to infectious agents, such as Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) management, housing, and environmental factors are decisive for the development of disease. In a conventional, closed swine farm in Lower Saxony, Germany, which did not vaccinate against PCV2, the effect of an implementation of PCV2 vaccination (Suvaxyn^® Circo + MH RTU) onto animal health was evaluated. In addition, the effect of this combination vaccine was assessed in comparison to simultaneous administration of mono-vaccines against PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae.

Material and method In a two-phase trial, 524 (phase 1) or 521 (phase 2) clinically healthy piglets were included at the first week of life. In the first phase, performance parameters were compared in animals vaccinated against M. hyopneumoniae only (group A) or vaccinated against PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae (group B). In phase 2, vaccination against PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae with different vaccines were compared (groups C and D). Performance parameters included lifetime animal losses, daily weight gains during suckling, weaning and fattening, and randomly sampled pathogen loads in serum (PCV2) or tracheobronchial secretions (M. hyopneumoniae). In addition, an assessment of the lungs was performed after slaughter.

Results In the first phase, it was shown that the group vaccinated against PCV2 (Group B: Suvaxyn^® Circo + MH RTU) had higher daily growth rates during the fattening period (+ 37 g, p = 0.012) as well as during the complete period (+ 16 g, p = 0.013) in comparison to the group without PCV2 vaccination (Group A). In group A a significantly higher proportion of animals showed a PCV2 viremia. In the second phase, it was shown that group D was not inferior to the established vaccination regiment of group C. In fattening pigs in week 22 of life, detection rates for M. hyopneumoniae in tracheobronchial secretions were in the range of 27–80 % irrespective of the vaccination group.

Conclusion Vaccination against PCV2 leads to improved animal health and higher daily weight gains.

Clinical relevance The combined vaccine studied here provides farmers and veterinarians with an additional option for the improvement of animal health in pig production.

Schlüsselwörter

Serologie - Virämie - tägliche Zunahmen - Tracheobronchialsekret - Lungenbefunde

Key words

Serology - viremia - daily weight gain - tracheobronchial secretions - lung alterations

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