Das schöne, glatte Bein: Haarentfernung durch Laser und lichtbasierte Verfahren

Zusammenfassung

Die Fotoepilation zählt zu den meistgefragten nichtchirurgischen Eingriffen in der ästhetischen Dermatologie. Haarlose, glatte Beine gelten dabei als Schönheitsideal.

Fotoepilation mittels Laser oder hochenergetischer Blitzlampen (sog. Intensed-Pulsed-Light-Geräte) stellt ein sicheres und effektives Verfahren dar. Der Wirkmechanismus beruht auf dem Prinzip der selektiven Fotothermolyse, wobei eine gezielte thermische Schädigung pigmentierter Haarfollikel unter Schonung des umliegenden Gewebes erfolgt. Melaninpigment des Haarschaftes absorbiert als Zielchromophor Licht eines speziellen Wellenlängenspektrums und führt durch Wärmediffusion zur Schädigung der für das Haarwachstum wichtigen Stammzellen im äußeren Haarwurzelschaft.

Patienten müssen über die Notwendigkeit wiederholter Behandlungen sowie den häufig nur partiellen und temporären Haarverlust aufgeklärt werden. Dunkle Terminalhaare bei hellen Hauttypen lassen sich effektiv entfernen. Bei dunklen Hauttypen besteht aufgrund des erhöhten epidermalen Melaninvorkommens ein erhöhtes Risiko für Nebenwirkungen wie Verbrennungen, Dyspigmentierungen und Narben. Sehr feine, helle oder rote Haare lassen sich kaum mit konventionellen Fotoepilationsverfahren entfernen. Haarentfernungsgeräte für den Heimgebrauch sind eine kostengünstige, einfach anzuwendende Alternative, weisen aber im Vergleich zur professionellen Fotoepilation eine geringere Effektivität auf.

Abstract

Light-based hair removal is one of the most frequently requested, non-invasive procedures in cosmetic dermatology, especially on the legs. Laser and intense pulsed light devices (IPL) allow for effective and safe hair removal. The mechanism of action is based on selective photothermolysis, causing selective thermal damage of pigmented hair follicles while sparing surrounding tissue. Melanin pigment in the hair shaft and matrix region serves as target chromophore and absorbs light of a specific wavelength spectrum, which is then converted to heat. Heat diffusion along the hair shaft causes damage to non-pigmented stem cells of the bulge region and thereby delays hair growth.

Patients require multiple treatments and hair removal is generally incomplete and only temporary. Dark terminal hair on light skin types can be removed very effectively by light-based hair removal methods. Complications such as burns, dyspigmentation and scaring are more frequent in darker skin types due to higher epidermal melanin concentrations. Very fine, light or red hair show low removal rates even with state-of-the-art methods. Home-use of light-based devices pose a convenient, less expensive and easy to use alternative for hair removal. Efficacy, however, is lower compared to professional hair removal procedures.

Publication History

Article published online:
22 February 2022

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