Primäre Lebersarkome – Empfehlungen zur chirurgischen Therapie

Schlüsselwörter

Sarkome - Angiosarkome - Hämangioendotheliome - Leberchirurgie - Lebertransplantation

Keywords

sarcoma - angiosarcoma - hemangioendothelioma - liver surgery - liver transplantation

Publication History

Received: 16 September 2021

Accepted after revision: 19 December 2021

Article published online:
24 February 2022

• Literatur

• 1 Lenze F, Birkfellner T, Lenz P. et al. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver in adults. Cancer 2008; 112: 2274-2282
• 2 Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan. Primary liver cancer in Japan. Clinicopathologic features and results of surgical treatment. Ann Surg 1990; 211: 277-287
• 3 WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial. World Health Organisation Classification of Tumours: soft Tissue and Bone Tumours. 5. 3. Geneva: WHO Press; 2020
• 4 Huang NC, Kuo YC, Chiang JC. et al. Hepatic angiosarcoma may have fair survival nowadays. Medicine 2015; 94: e816
• 5 Locker GY, Doroshow JH, Zwelling LA. et al. The clinical features of hepatic angiosarcoma: a report of four cases and a review of the English literature. Medicine 1979; 58: 48-64
• 6 Neshiwat LF, Friedland ML, Schorr-Lesnick B. et al. Hepatic angiosarcoma. Am J Med 1992; 93: 219-222
• 7 Guérin F, Rogers T, Minard-Colin V. et al. Outcome of localized liver-bile duct rhabdomyosarcoma according to local therapy: A report from the European Paediatric Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG)-RMS 2005 study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66: e27725
• 8 AWMF Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e. V. (AWMF), Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft e. V. (DKG), Stiftung der Deutschen Krebshilfe (DKH). AWMF: S3-Leitlinie Adulte Weichgewebesarkome, Langversion Version 1.0 – September 2021, AWMF-Registernummer: 032/044OL. Accessed November 02, 2021 at: https://www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/032–044OLl_S3_Adulte_Weichgewebesarkome_2021–09.pdf
• 9 Wilson GC, Lluis N, Nalesnik MA. et al. Hepatic Angiosarcoma: A Multi-institutional, International Experience with 44 Cases. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26: 576-582
• 10 Fujii F, Kimura T, Tanaka N. et al. Hepatic Angiosarcoma with Kasabach-Merritt Phenomenon: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Ann Hepatol 2018; 17: 655-660
• 11 Tripke V, Heinrich S, Huber T. et al. Surgical therapy of primary hepatic angiosarcoma. BMC Surg 2019; 19: 5
• 12 Yoshida Y, Yoshizumi T, Wang H. et al. Liver transplantation for cryptogenic liver failure caused by diffuse hepatic angiosarcoma: case report. Surg Case Rep 2017; 3: 21
• 13 Chen J, Zhang J, Dowell JD. et al. A spindle cell sarcoma of liver supplied by internal mammary artery. Diagn Interv Imaging 2015; 96: 103-105
• 14 Clevenger JA, Saxena R, Idrees MT. A de novo unclassified malignant spindle cell neoplasm of liver allograft. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2014; 138: 274-277
• 15 Joyon N, Dumortier J, Aline-Fardin A. et al. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) presenting in the liver: Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic issues. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2018; 42: e23-e28
• 16 von Mehren M, Randall RL, Benjamin RS. et al. Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Version 2.2018, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2018; 16: 536-563
• 17 Schütte J, Bauer S, Brodowicz T. et al. Weichgewebssarkome (maligne Weichgewebstumoren) des Erwachsenen. 2019 Accessed December 09, 2021 at: https://www.onkopedia.com/de/onkopedia/guidelines/weichgewebssarkome-maligne-weichgewebstumoren-des-erwachsenen/@@guideline/html/index.html
• 18 Casali PG, Abecassis N, Aro HT. et al. Soft tissue and visceral sarcomas: ESMO-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2018; 29 (Suppl. 04) iv51-iv67
• 19 Schoening WN, Denecke T, Neumann UP. Präoperative Bildgebung/Operationsplanung für die Leberchirurgie [Preoperative imaging/operation planning for liver surgery]. Chirurg 2015; 86: 1167-1181
• 20 Issels RD, Lindner LH, Verweij J. European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer-Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group and the European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology. et al. Effect of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Plus Regional Hyperthermia on Long-term Outcomes Among Patients With Localized High-Risk Soft Tissue Sarcoma: The EORTC 62961-ESHO 95 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol 2018; 4: 483-492
• 21 Gronchi A, Stacchiotti S, Verderio P. et al. Short, full-dose adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) in high-risk adult soft tissue sarcomas (STS): long-term follow-up of a randomized clinical trial from the Italian Sarcoma Group and the Spanish Sarcoma Group. Ann Oncol 2016; 27: 2283-2288
• 22 Bonvalot S, Gronchi A, Le Péchoux C. et al. Preoperative radiotherapy plus surgery versus surgery alone for patients with primary retroperitoneal sarcoma (EORTC-62092: STRASS): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2020; 21: 1366-1377
• 23 Wang D, Zhang Q, Blanke CD. et al. Phase II trial of neoadjuvant/adjuvant imatinib mesylate for advanced primary and metastatic/recurrent operable gastrointestinal stromal tumors: long-term follow-up results of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0132. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 19: 1074-1080
• 24 Konstantinidis IT, Nota C, Jutric Z. et al. Primary liver sarcomas in the modern era: Resection or transplantation?. J Surg Oncol 2018; 117: 886-891
• 25 Pierce DB, Johnson GE, Monroe E. et al. Safety and Efficacy Outcomes of Embolization in Hepatic Sarcomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2018; 210: 175-182
• 26 Hibi T, Itano O, Shinoda M. et al. Liver transplantation for hepatobiliary malignancies: a new era of “Transplant Oncology” has begun. Surg Today 2017; 47: 403-415
• 27 Abreu P, Gorgen A, Oldani G. et al. Recent advances in liver transplantation for cancer: The future of transplant oncology. JHEP Rep 2019; 1: 377-391
• 28 Lai Q, Feys E, Karam V. et al. Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma and Adult Liver Transplantation: Proposal for a Prognostic Score Based on the Analysis of the ELTR-ELITA Registry. Transplantation 2017; 101: 555-564
• 29 Lerut JP, Orlando G, Adam R. et al. The place of liver transplantation in the treatment of hepatic epitheloid heman- gioendothelioma: report of the European liver transplant registry. Ann Surg 2007; 246: 949-957
• 30 Remiszewski P, Szczerba E, Kalinowski P. et al. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver as a rare indication for liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20: 11333-11339
• 31 Rodriguez JA, Becker NS, O’Mahony CA. et al. Long-term outcomes following liver transplantation for hepatic hemangioendothelioma: the UNOS experience from 1987 to 2005. J Gastrointest Surg 2008; 12: 110-116
• 32 Husted TL, Neff G, Thomas MJ. et al. Liver transplantation for primary or metastatic sarcoma to the liver. Am J Transplant 2006; 6: 392-397
• 33 Orlando G, Adam R, Mirza D. et al. Hepatic hemangiosarcoma: an absolute contraindication to liver transplantation—the European Liver Transplant Registry experience. Transplantation 2013; 95: 872-877
• 34 Walther A, Geller J, Coots A. et al. Multimodal therapy including liver transplantation for hepatic undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma. Liver Transpl 2014; 20: 191-199
• 35 Chen LE, Shepherd RW, Nadler ML. et al. Liver transplantation and chemotherapy in children with unresectable primary hepatic malignancies: development of a management algorithm. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006; 43: 487-493
• 36 Okajima H, Ohya Y, Lee KJ. et al. Management of undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver including living donor liver transplantation as a backup procedure. J Pediatr Surg 2009; 44: e33-e38
• 37 Bernardos L, García Marín A, Rey Valcárcel C. et al. Angiosarcoma hepático [Hepatic angiosarcoma]. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2008; 100: 804-806
• 38 Egea Valenzuela J, López Poveda MJ, Pérez Fuenzalida FJ. et al. Hepatic angiosarcoma. Presentation of two cases. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2009; 101: 430-437
• 39 Singh G, Mills C, Asadi K. et al. Hepatic angiosarcoma as a cause of acute liver failure. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018: bcr2018225896
• 40 Alliot C, Tribout B, Barrios M. et al. Angiosarcoma variant of Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001; 13: 731-734
• 41 Basten O, Bandorski D, Langner C. Hämangiosarkom der Leber mit ungewöhnlicher Expression von Neuronen-spezifischer Enolase (NSE) [Hemangiosarcoma of the liver with unusual expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE)]. Z Gastroenterol 2002; 40: 577-580
• 42 Bhati CS, Bhatt AN, Starkey G. et al. Acute liver failure due to primary angiosarcoma: a case report and review of literature. World J Surg Oncol 2008; 6: 104
• 43 Burke M, Opeskin K. Spontaneous rupture of the liver associated with a primary angiosarcoma: case report. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2000; 21: 134-137
• 44 Cano-García F, Athie-Athie Ade J, García-Gómez JI. et al. Cystic angiosarcoma of the liver. A previously undescribed neoplasm. Ann Hepatol 2016; 15: 283-286
• 45 Cassinotto C, Rullier A, Hocquelet A. et al. Hepatic angiosarcoma: a suggestive pattern of enhancement on dynamic MR imaging. Diagn Interv Imaging 2015; 96: 293-295
• 46 Pimentel Cauduro SK, Petrovic LM, Sodeman TC. et al. Unsuspected primary hepatic angiosarcoma associated with portal vein thrombosis complicating cirrhosis. Liver Transpl 2002; 8: 1080-1081
• 47 Ceyhan K, Percinel S, Kinkli G. et al. Epithelioid angiosarcoma. Acta Cytol 2010; 54: 109-112
• 48 Chien CY, Hwang CC, Yeh CN. et al. Liver angiosarcoma, a rare liver malignancy, presented with intraabdominal bleeding due to rupture--a case report. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10: 23
• 49 Chiu O, Frank JD, Dow CA. Hepatic angiosarcoma: detection with computed tomography. Australas Radiol 2005; 49: 163-165
• 50 Chou JW, Cheng KS, Chen SF. Primary hepatic angiosarcoma with multifocal metastases in the gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy 2013; 45 (Suppl. 02) E319-E320
• 51 Coppola A, Bianco G, Ardito F. et al. Primary hepatic angiosarcoma. ANZ J Surg 2018; 88: E75-E76
• 52 Montell García M, Romero Cabello R, Romero Feregrino R. et al. Angiosarcoma of the liver as a cause of fulminant liver failure. BMJ Case Rep 2012; 2012: bcr2012006417
• 53 Garcia AR, Ribeiro J, Gervásio H. et al. Hepatic Angiosarcoma Masquerading as Hemangioma: A Challenging Differential Diagnosis. Acta Med Port 2017; 30: 750-753
• 54 Heo SH, Jeong YY, Shin SS. et al. Solitary small hepatic angiosarcoma: initial and follow-up imaging findings. Korean J Radiol 2007; 8: 180-183
• 55 Ho SY, Tsai CC, Tsai YC. et al. Hepatic angiosarcoma presenting as hepatic rupture in a patient with long-term ingestion of arsenic. J Formos Med Assoc 2004; 103: 374-379
• 56 Hoshi N, Mukai S, Oishi M. et al. A case of hepatic angiosarcoma supplied by both hepatic artery and portal vein. Fukushima J Med Sci 2006; 52: 13-19
• 57 Huang H, Le XH, Zhou BP. et al. Hepatic angiosarcoma with multiple metastases in a young man. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2014; 4: 291-293
• 58 Huerta-Orozco LD, Leonher-Ruezga KL, Ramírez-González LR. et al. Angiosarcoma hepático y trasplante hepático: reporte de caso y revisión de bibliografía [Hepatic angiosarcoma and liver transplantation: case report and literature review]. Cir Cir 2015; 83: 510-515
• 59 Ikeda K, Maehara M, Ohmura N. et al. Spontaneous rupture of a necrotic hepatic angiosarcoma: findings on dual-phase computed tomography and angiography. Radiat Med 2006; 24: 369-372
• 60 Kahraman A, Miller M, Baba H. et al. Angiosarkom der Leber als seltene Ursache eines rasch progredienten Leberversagens [Angiosarcoma of the liver as a rare cause of rapidly progressive liver failure]. Med Klin 2006; 101: 746-750
• 61 Kajihara J, Wada H, Tomimaru Y. et al. Successful Liver Resection of a Rapidly Growing Hepatic Angiosarcoma–A Case Report. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2013; 40: 1801-1803
• 62 Kayaci S, Yildiz O, Gucer H. et al. Angiosarcoma of the liver with metastasis to the cervical spine cured with the treatment of thalidomide and radiotherapy. Acta Neurochir 2012; 154: 369-370
• 63 Kim TO, Kim GH, Heo J. et al. Metastasis of hepatic angiosarcoma to the stomach. J Gastroenterol 2005; 40: 1003-1004
• 64 Kirschstein T, Aeberli D, Zimmermann A. et al. Metastatic angiosarcoma of the liver preoperatively presenting as giant hemangioma. Digestion 2000; 62: 280-283
• 65 Leowardi C, Hormann Y, Hinz U. et al. Ruptured angiosarcoma of the liver treated by emergency catheter-directed embolization. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12: 804-808
• 66 Hoppe H, Dinkel HP, Triller J. Interventionell-radiologische Notfalltherapie bei blutendem Hämangiosarkom der Leber [Interventional-radiologic emergency therapy in bleeding hemangiosarcoma of the liver]. Rofo 2001; 173: 763-765
• 67 Almogy G, Lieberman S, Gips M. et al. Clinical outcomes of surgical resections for primary liver sarcoma in adults: results from a single centre. Eur J Surg Oncol 2004; 30: 421-427
• 68 Maeda T, Tateishi U, Hasegawa T. et al. Primary hepatic angiosarcoma on coregistered FDG PET and CT images. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007; 188: 1615-1617
• 69 Maluf D, Cotterell A, Clark B. et al. Hepatic angiosarcoma and liver transplantation: case report and literature review. Transplant Proc 2005; 37: 2195-2199
• 70 Mitsui F, Aikata H, Hashimoto Y. et al. A first case of hepatic angiosarcoma treated with recombinant interleukin-2. Hiroshima J Med Sci 2011; 60: 91-96
• 71 Murawaki Y, Kono M, Miura M. et al. A Case of Hepatic Angiosarcoma Detected as a Small Lesion. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 2011; 108: 1252-1262
• 72 Nakayama H, Masuda H, Fukuzawa M. et al. Metastasis of hepatic angiosarcoma to the gastric vein. J Gastroenterol 2004; 39: 193-194
• 73 Odashiro AN, Pereira PR, Odashiro Miiji LN. et al. Angiosarcoma of the gallbladder: case report and review of the literature. Can J Gastroenterol 2005; 19: 257-259
• 74 Okano A, Sonoyama H, Masano Y. et al. The natural history of a hepatic angiosarcoma that was difficult to differentiate from cavernous hemangioma. Intern Med 2012; 51: 2899-2904
• 75 Ozden I, Bilge O, Erkan M. et al. Five years and 4 months of recurrence-free survival in hepatic angiosarcoma. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2003; 10: 250-252
• 76 Pereira TC, Vi LH, Prichard JW. et al. Pathologic quiz case. Elderly man with bright red blood per rectum. Pathologic diagnosis: metastatic hepatic epithelioid angiosarcoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2001; 125: 968-970
• 77 Prenen H, Smeets D, Mazzone M. et al. Phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCG1) R707Q mutation is counterselected under targeted therapy in a patient with hepatic angiosarcoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6: 36418-36425
• 78 Qiao Y, Yang J, Liu L. et al. Successful treatment with pazopanib plus PD-1 inhibitor and RAK cells for advanced primary hepatic angiosarcoma: a case report. BMC Cancer 2018; 18: 212
• 79 Rosenthal AK, Klausmeier M, Cronin ME. et al. Hepatic angiosarcoma occurring after cyclophosphamide therapy: case report and review of the literature. Am J Clin Oncol 2000; 23: 581-583
• 80 Semmo N, Seuthe B, Er F. et al. Seltene Ursache einer unklaren Leberläsion bei einer 76-jährigen Patientin [A rare cause of an indistinct liver lesion in an elderly woman]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2011; 136: 1251-1254
• 81 Shinoto K, Nagase H, Kakuta Y. et al. Angiosarcoma of the Gallbladder With Hemobilia: A Case Report. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 2016; 113: 78-85
• 82 Stambo GW, Guiney MJ. Hepatic angiosarcoma presenting as an acute intraabdominal hemorrhage treated with transarterial chemoembolization. Sarcoma 2007; 2007: 90169
• 83 Tran Minh M, Mazzola A, Perdigao F. et al. Primary hepatic angiosarcoma and liver transplantation: Radiological, surgical, histological findings and clinical outcome. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2018; 42: 17-23
• 84 van den Brand M, Flucke UE, Bult P. et al. Angiosarcoma in a patient with immunodeficiency, centromeric region instability, facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A: 622-625
• 85 van Kampen RJ, Erdkamp FL, Peters FP. Thorium dioxide-related haemangiosarcoma of the liver. Neth J Med 2007; 65: 279-282
• 86 Cawich SO, Ramjit C. Herald bleeding from a ruptured primary hepatic angiosarcoma: A case report. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3: 1063-1066
• 87 Cawich SO, Thomas D, Ragoonanan V. et al. The hanging manoeuver to complete liver resection for a locally advanced angiosarcoma: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2015; 16: 52-55
• 88 Abegunde AT, Aisien E, Mba B. et al. Fulminant hepatic failure secondary to primary hepatic angiosarcoma. Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2015; 2015: 869746
• 89 Chen G, Li J, Wan R. et al. Primary hepatic angiosarcoma in a 64-year-old man: A case report. Oncol Lett 2016; 11: 2445-2448
• 90 Millan M, Delgado A, Caicedo LA. et al. Liver Angiosarcoma: Rare tumour associated with a poor prognosis, literature review and case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2016; 28: 165-168
• 91 Shiba H, Sakamoto T, Lida T. et al. Hepatic angiosarcoma mimicking hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: report of a case. Int Cancer Conf J 2016; 6: 29-34
• 92 Rowe K, Nehme F, Wallace J. et al. Primary Hepatic Angiosarcoma Mimicking Multifocal Liver Abscess with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Hemoperitoneum. Cureus 2017; 9: e1293
• 93 Akdur A, Kirnap M, Ayvazoglu Soy EH. et al. Unusual Indications for a Liver Transplant: A Single-Center Experience. Exp Clin Transplant 2017; 15 (Suppl. 01) 128-132
• 94 Mokutani Y, Hata T, Miyake Y. et al. Metastasis from a primary hepatic angiosarcoma to the colon: A case report and literature review. Oncol Lett 2017; 13: 2765-2769
• 95 Averbukh LD, Mavilia MG, Einstein MM. Hepatic Angiosarcoma: A Challenging Diagnosis. Cureus 2018; 10: e3283
• 96 Long M, Shali W, Huang Q. et al. Epithelioid angiosarcoma of the liver: report of two cases and review of the literature. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2018; 11: 3191-3198
• 97 Chen YY, Chen CC. Progression of an Unusual Primary Liver Tumor. Gastroenterology 2018; 154: 1590-1591
• 98 Kubo S, Kobayashi N, Kaneko A. et al. Computed tomography imaging-based observation of the aggressive growth of angiosarcoma: a case study. Respirol Case Rep 2019; 7: e00479
• 99 Schueler SA, Hwang DG, Twaddell W. et al. Angiosarcoma: A rare cause of acute liver failure. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44: e14-e16
• 100 Yuan WH, Li AF, Hsu HC. et al. Initial clinical radiological findings and staging to predict prognosis of primary hepatic angiosarcoma: A retrospective analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14: e0225043
• 101 Zeng D, Cheng J, Gong Z. et al. A pooled analysis of primary hepatic angiosarcoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 50: 556-567
• 102 Dhaliwal A, Braseth A, Dhindsa BS. et al. Liver Transplantation in a Patient With Hepatic Angiosarcoma. Cureus 2021; 13: e12609
• 103 Inoue M, Matsumoto M, Sakuhara Y. et al. Acute progressing hepatic angiosarcoma: An autopsy case report. Radiol Case Rep 2020; 15: 1403-1407
• 104 Rujeerapaiboon N, Wetwittayakhlang P. Primary Hepatic Angiosarcoma: A Rare Liver Malignancy – Varying Manifestations but Grave Prognosis. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2020; 14: 137-149
• 105 Shayesteh S, Fouladi DF, Blanco A. et al. Hepatic angiosarcoma in an adult who had Wilms tumor treated in childhood: A case report. Radiol Case Rep 2020; 16: 353-357
• 106 Zhang XM, Tong Y, Li Q. et al. Diffused hepatic angiosarcoma with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome-case report and literature review. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20: 80
• 107 Joshua AM, Stockler MR, Boyer MJ. Prolonged survival after the diagnosis of metastatic hepatic epitheliod haemangioendothelioma. Intern Med J 2004; 34: 70-71
• 108 Chevreau C, Le Cesne A, Ray-Coquard I. et al. Sorafenib in patients with progressive epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: a phase 2 study by the French Sarcoma Group (GSF/GETO). Cancer 2013; 119: 2639-2644
• 109 Bally O, Tassy L, Richioud B. et al. Eight years tumor control with pazopanib for a metastatic resistant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Clin Sarcoma Res 2015; 5: 12
• 110 Gonzalez-Billalabeitia E, Quintela-Fandino M, Alemany I. et al. Coexistence of two rare sarcomas: primary leiomyosarcoma of bone and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver. Sarcoma 2008; 2008: 416085
• 111 van Rosmalen BV, Verheij J, Phoa SSKS. et al. Hepatic epithelioid haemangioendothelioma (HEHE): a diagnostic dilemma between haemangioma and angiosarcoma. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017: bcr2017220687
• 112 Taniai T, Onda S, Sato S. et al. Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma: Difficult Differential Diagnosis from Angiosarcoma. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2020; 14: 56-62
• 113 Lund PS, Willemoe GL, Hansen LB. et al. Hepatic epitheloid haemangioendothelioma: a rare malignant tumour. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13: e23279
• 114 El Hussein S, Omarzai Y. Multifocal Polymorphous Hemangioendothelioma of the Liver: Case Report and Review of Literature. Int J Surg Pathol 2017; 25: 266-270
• 115 Yang JW, Li Y, Xie K. et al. Spontaneous rupture of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: A case report. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23: 185-190
• 116 McCulloch M, Russin M, Nachat A. Recurrence of Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma during Pregnancy: Case Report and Systematic Review. Perm J 2016; 20: 15-152
• 117 Gurung S, Fu H, Zhang WW. et al. Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma metastasized to the peritoneum, omentum and mesentery: a case report. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8: 5883-5889
• 118 Thomas RM, Aloia TA, Truty MJ. et al. Treatment sequencing strategy for hepatic epithelioid haemangioendothelioma. HPB (Oxford) 2014; 16: 677-685
• 119 Fan YH, Tang HN, Zhou JP. et al. Fast-growing epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99: e22077
• 120 Taniai T, Onda S, Sato S. et al. Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma: Difficult Differential Diagnosis from Angiosarcoma. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2020; 14: 56-62
• 121 Fukuhara S, Tahara H, Hirata Y. et al. Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma successfully treated with living donor liver transplantation: A case report and literature review. Clin Case Rep 2019; 8: 108-115
• 122 Kanno H, Sato T, Midorikawa R. et al. Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma Presenting Synchronously with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2021; 15: 344-351
• 123 Kuan LL, Tan LT, Jepson S. et al. A case of recurrent hepatic haemangioendothelioma. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2020; 102: e1-e3
• 124 Rial X, López-Monclús J, Lucena JL. et al. Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma as a Rare Indication for Liver Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2020; 52: 1453-1454
• 125 Grotz TE, Nagorney D, Donohue J. et al. Hepatic epithelioid haemangioendothelioma: is transplantation the only treatment option?. HPB (Oxford) 2010; 12: 546-553
• 126 Hu X, Chen H, Jin M. et al. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver: a case report and literature review. Mol Cytogenet 2012; 5: 26
• 127 Schepelew D, Reese T, Horling K. et al. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver treated with associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy in a young adult: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2020; 66: 221-227
• 128 Li XW, Gong SJ, Song WH. et al. Undifferentiated liver embryonal sarcoma in adults: a report of four cases and literature review. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16: 4725-4732
• 129 Yang L, Chen LB, Xiao J. et al. Clinical features and spiral computed tomography analysis of undifferentiated embryonic liver sarcoma in adults. J Dig Dis 2009; 10: 305-309
• 130 Esteban SG, Emilio CU, Emmanuel AF. et al. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver in adult patient: A report of two cases. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2018; 22: 269-273
• 131 Beksac K, Mammadov R, Ciftci T. et al. Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma of the Liver in an Adult Patient. Cureus 2018; 10: e3037
• 132 Pinamonti M, Vittone F, Ghiglione F. et al. Unexpected Liver Embryonal Sarcoma in the Adult: Diagnosis and Treatment. Case Rep Surg 2018; 2018: 8362012
• 133 Khan ZH, Ilyas K, Khan HH. et al. Unresectable Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma of the Liver in an Adult Male Treated with Chemotherapy and Orthotopic Liver Transplantation. Cureus 2017; 9: e1759
• 134 Giakoustidis DE, Gargavanis AA, Katsiki ED. et al. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver in a young female: treatment with portal vein embolization and liver trisectonectomy. Korean J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2016; 20: 144-147
• 135 Lee KH, Maratovich MN, Lee KB. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver in an adult patient. Clin Mol Hepatol 2016; 22: 292-295
• 136 Labgaa I, Huerzeler N, Schmidt S. et al. Pitfall of a rare hepatic tumor. Liver Int 2016; 36: 151
• 137 Kallam A, Krishnamurthy J, Kozel J. et al. Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma of Liver. Rare Tumors 2015; 7: 6009
• 138 Jia C, Zhao W, Dai C. et al. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver in a middle-aged adult with systemic lupus erythematosus. World J Surg Oncol 2013; 11: 244
• 139 Chen JH, Lee CH, Wei CK. et al. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver with focal osteoid picture-a case report. Asian J Surg 2013; 36: 174-178
• 140 Tanaka S, Takasawa A, Fukasawa Y. et al. An undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver containing adipophilin-positive vesicles in an adult with massive sinusoidal invasion. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2012; 5: 824-829
• 141 Varol U, Karaca B, Muslu U. et al. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver in an adult patient: case report. Turk J Gastroenterol 2012; 23: 279-283
• 142 Lightfoot N, Nikfarjam M. Embryonal sarcoma of the liver in an adult patient. Case Rep Surg 2012; 2012: 382723
• 143 Noguchi K, Yokoo H, Nakanishi K. et al. A long-term survival case of adult undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of liver. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10: 65
• 144 Legou F, Ayav A, Cahn V. et al. Radiologic-pathologic comparison of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver in a 61-year-old woman. Diagn Interv Imaging 2012; 93: e208-e211
• 145 Kim HH, Kim JC, Park EK. et al. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver presenting as a hemorrhagic cystic tumor in an adult. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2011; 10: 657-660
• 146 Tucker SM, Cooper K, Brownschidle S. et al. Embryonal (undifferentiated) sarcoma of the liver with peripheral angiosarcoma differentiation arising in a mesenchymal hamartoma in an adult patient. Int J Surg Pathol 2012; 20: 297-300
• 147 Massani M, Caratozzolo E, Baldessin M. et al. Hepatic cystic lesion in adult: a challenging diagnosis of undifferentiated primary embryonal sarcoma. G Chir 2010; 31: 225-228
• 148 Faraj W, Mukherji D, El Majzoub N. et al. Primary undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver mistaken for hydatid disease. World J Surg Oncol 2010; 8: 58
• 149 Kullar P, Stonard C, Jamieson N. et al. Primary hepatic embryonal sarcoma masquerading as metastatic ovarian cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2009; 7: 55
• 150 Ma L, Liu YP, Geng CZ. et al. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of liver in an old female: case report and review of the literature. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14: 7267-7270
• 151 Pachera S, Nishio H, Takahashi Y. et al. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver: case report and literature survey. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2008; 15: 536-544
• 152 Gourgiotis S, Moustafellos P, Germanos S. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver in adult. Surgery 2008; 143: 568-569
• 153 Akerboom-Straberger BM, Lotgering FK. Embryonal sarcoma of the liver in pregnancy, associated with HELLP syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190: 556-557
• 154 Kim M, Tireno B, Slanetz PJ. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2008; 190: W261-W262
• 155 Chen JH, Chang PY, Ho CL. et al. Radiofrequency ablation as a palliative treatment of primary liver sarcoma in an inoperable patient with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. Onkologie 2009; 32: 509-512
• 156 Alkhatib AA, Broaddus RR, Jiang L. Primary liver sarcoma in an immunocompetent patient with hepatitis C virus infection. Am J Clin Oncol 2008; 31: 207-208
• 157 Minami K, Sakoda M, Iino S. et al. A Case of Adult Undifferentiated Sarcoma of the Liver With Intraatrial Metastasis. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2018; 45: 721-724
• 158 Chan SC, Cheung ST, Leung SY. et al. De novo sarcoma of donor origin in a liver allograft determined by microsatellite analysis: a short report. Liver Transpl 2004; 10: 320-323
• 159 Kim KT, Han SY, Park EH. et al. A case of the treatment in an adult with hepatic undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma. Korean J Hepatol 2007; 13: 96-102
• 160 Manabe Y, Uojima H, Hidaka H. et al. Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma of the Liver Identified after the Initial Diagnosis of a Hepatic Cyst. Intern Med 2020; 59: 2375-2382
• 161 Olivas-Mazón R, Martín-Cazaña M, Pérez-Mohand P. et al. Tumor-induced osteomalacia in an adolescent with an undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67: e28386
• 162 Renthal NE, Tsai JP, Burns DK. Solitary liver mass in a patient with hepatitis C. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 10: e46
• 163 Park HS, Kim YK, Cho BH. et al. Pedunculated hepatic mass. Liver Int 2011; 31: 541
• 164 Perini MV, Herman P, D’Albuquerque LA. et al. Solitary fibrous tumor of the liver: report of a rare case and review of the literature. Int J Surg 2008; 6: 396-399
• 165 Chan G, Horton PJ, Thyssen S. et al. Malignant transformation of a solitary fibrous tumor of the liver and intractable hypoglycemia. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2007; 14: 595-599
• 166 El Mesbahi O, Benhadji K, Paradis V. et al. A bulky single mass of the liver that revealed a primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma. Oncologie 2006; 8: 927-929
• 167 Jeribi A, Albano L, Berguignat M. et al. Epstein-Barr virus-associated hepatic leiomyosarcoma after renal transplantation: case report. Transplant Proc 2010; 42: 4356-4358
• 168 Li H, Zhang Y, Pan Y. et al. Clinicopathological analysis of concomitant hepatic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213: 1014-1018
• 169 Korkolis DP, Apostolaki K, Aggeli C. et al. Solitary fibrous tumor of the liver expressing CD34 and vimentin: a case report. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14: 6261-6264
• 170 Wen J, Zhao W, Li C. et al. High-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma in the liver: A case report. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23: 7054-7058
• 171 Yi X, Xiao D, Long X. Myofibroblastic sarcoma in liver: a case report. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8: 1073-1076
• 172 Dugalic V, Ignjatovic II, Kovac JD. et al. Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma of the liver: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9: 175-182
• 173 Arora A, Jaiswal R, Anand N. et al. Primary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the liver. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016: bcr2016218292
• 174 Haider N, Nadim MS, Piracha MN. Primary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the liver in a young male. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2013; 23: 750-751
• 175 Yao D, Dai C. Clinical characteristics of the primary hepatic malignant fibrous histiocytoma in China: case report and review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10: 2
• 176 Tong Y, Yu H, Shen B. et al. Primary hepatic malignant fibrous histiocytoma combined with invasion of inferior vena cava: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96: e7110
• 177 Miyabe K, Masaki A, Nakazawa T. et al. Histiocytic sarcoma of the bile duct. Intern Med 2014; 53: 707-712
• 178 Su HW, Hsu CS, Lin YH. et al. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma during pregnancy: a case report. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 45: 86-88
• 179 Chen HC, Chen CJ, Jeng CM. et al. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma presenting as hemoperitoneum mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma rupture. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13: 6441-6443
• 180 Li YR, Akbari E, Tretiakova MS. et al. Primary hepatic malignant fibrous histiocytoma: clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic value of ezrin expression. Am J Surg Pathol 2008; 32: 1144-1158
• 181 Sugitani M, Aramaki O, Kikuchi K. et al. Two cases of primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the liver: immunohistochemical expression of ezrin and its relationship with prognosis. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2009; 42: 83-88
• 182 Kim HS, Kim GY, Lim SJ. et al. Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the liver presenting as a unilocular cyst. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2009; 8: 541-543
• 183 Jarry J, Belleannee G, Laurent C. et al. Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the pancreas: benefit of the multidisciplinary approach. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 22: 765-768
• 184 Cong Z, Gong J. Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the liver: CT findings in five histopathological proven patients. Abdom Imaging 2011; 36: 552-556
• 185 Caldeira A, Martin-Carreras F, Pereira E. et al. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma-a rare hepatic tumor. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2010; 102: 146-147
• 186 Mass JB, Talmon G. Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Liver: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Pathol 2018; 2018: 8031253
• 187 Ye MF, Zheng S, Xu JH. et al. Primary hepatic malignant fibrous histiocytoma: a case report and review of the literature. Histol Histopathol 2007; 22: 1337-1342
• 188 Ding GH, Wu MC, Yang JH. et al. Primary hepatic malignant fibrous histiocytoma mimicking cystadenocarcinoma: a case report. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2006; 5: 620-623
• 189 Ansari J, Naqash AR, Munker R. et al. Histiocytic sarcoma as a secondary malignancy: pathobiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Eur J Haematol 2016; 97: 9-16
• 190 Bernardes A, Manata F, Rosenvinge C. et al. Spontaneous rupture of a hepatic sarcoma in an adult resembling hydatid cyst. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2009; 101: 584-585
• 191 Esposito F, Lim C, Baranes L. et al. Primary leiomyosarcoma of the liver: Two new cases and a systematic review. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2020; 24: 63-67
• 192 Vella S, Cortis K, Pisani D. et al. Case of primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma successfully treated with laparoscopic right hepatectomy. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13: e233567
• 193 Giuliante F, Sarno G, Ardito F. et al. Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma in a young man after Hodgkin’s disease: diagnostic pitfalls and therapeutic challenge. Tumori 2009; 95: 374-377
• 194 Sicaja M, Namiq A, Forster J. et al. Myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the liver. Pathol Res Pract 2006; 202: 43-46
• 195 Tsiatis AC, Atkinson JB, Wright JK. et al. Primary hepatic myxoid leiomyosarcoma: a case report and review of the literature. Ultrastruct Pathol 2008; 32: 25-28
• 196 Ter-Ovanesov MD, Valkin DL, Gaboyan AS. et al. Hepatic Leiomyosarcoma: A Case Report. Vopr Onkol 2016; 62: 857-862
• 197 Liang X, Xiao-Min S, Jiang-Ping X. et al. Liver transplantation for primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma: a case report and review of the literatures. Med Oncol 2010; 27: 1269-1272
• 198 Lee HJ, Lee JL, Choi WH. A case of primary myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the liver. Korean J Intern Med 2002; 17: 278-282
• 199 Fujita H, Kiriyama M, Kawamura T. et al. Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma in a woman after renal transplantation: report of a case. Surg Today 2002; 32: 446-449
• 200 Tsuji M, Takenaka R, Kashihara T. et al. Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma in a patient with hepatitis C virus-related liver cirrhosis. Pathol Int 2000; 50: 41-47
• 201 Shamseddine A, Faraj W, Mukherji D. et al. Unusually young age distribution of primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma: case series and review of the adult literature. World J Surg Oncol 2010; 8: 56
• 202 Feretis T, Kostakis ID, Damaskos C. et al. Primary Hepatic Leiomyosarcoma: a Case Report and Review of the Literature. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 2018; 61: 153-157
• 203 Chi M, Dudek AZ, Wind KP. Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma in adults: analysis of prognostic factors. Onkologie 2012; 35: 210-214
• 204 Okazaki M, Tajima H, Ohbatake Y. et al. Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma of the liver in an adult: a rare case report. BMC Surg 2020; 20: 81
• 205 Yin J, Liu Z, Yang K. Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma of the liver with a hepatic cyst in an adult: Case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97: e11335
• 206 Schoofs G, Braeye L, Vanheste R. et al. Hepatic rhabdomyosarcoma in an adult: a rare primary malignant liver tumor. Case report and literature review. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2011; 74: 576-581
• 207 Nelson V, Fernandes NF, Woolf GM. et al. Primary liposarcoma of the liver: a case report and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2001; 125: 410-412
• 208 Binesh F, Akhavan A, Kargar S. et al. Primary liposarcoma of liver: a rare case and literature review. BMJ Case Rep 2012; 2012: bcr0120125711
• 209 Kuo LM, Chou HS, Chan KM. et al. A case of huge primary liposarcoma in the liver. World J Gastroentrol 2006; 12: 1157-1159
• 210 Liu W, Liang W, Peng Z. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography manifestations of primary hepatic myxoid liposarcoma: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97: e12307
• 211 Gajda M, Hommann M, Böttcher J. et al. Primäres Liposarkom der Leber-ein seltener mesenchymaler Tumor [Primary liposarcoma of the liver--a rare mesenchymal tumor]. Z Gastroenterol 2007; 45: 1241-1244
• 212 Jiang L, Luan L, Yun H. et al. Extraosseous Osteosarcoma of the Liver Demonstrated on 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging. Clin Nucl Med 2016; 41: 650-653
• 213 Park SH, Choi SB, Kim WB. et al. Huge primary osteosarcoma of the liver presenting an aggressive recurrent pattern following surgical resection. J Dig Dis 2009; 10: 231-235
• 214 Nawabi A, Rath S, Nissen N. et al. Primary hepatic osteosarcoma. J Gastrointest Surg 2009; 13: 1550-1553
• 215 Yu L, Yang SJ. Primary Osteosarcoma of the Liver: Case Report and Literature Review. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26: 115-120
• 216 Liu X, Cao L, Chin W. et al. Epstein-Barr virus-negative inflammatory pseudotumor-like variant of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the liver: A case report and literature review. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45: 101457
• 217 Ho SY, Tsai CC, Tsai YC. et al. Hepatic angiosarcoma presenting as hepatic rupture in a patient with long-term ingestion of arsenic. J Formos Med Assoc 2004; 103: 374-379
• 218 LaDou J. Current occupational & environmental Medicine. 4. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2007: 251-253
• 219 Bien E, Stachowicz-Stencel T, Balcerska A. et al. Angiosarcoma in children – still uncontrollable oncological problem. The report of the Polish Paediatric Rare Tumours Study. Eur J Cancer Care 2009; 18: 411-420
• 220 Granados-López SL, Gómez-Jiménez LM, Chávez-Bravo NC. et al. Angiosarcoma hepático idiopático. Informe de un caso [Idiopathic hepatic angiosarcoma. A case report]. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2012; 50: 445-448
• 221 Pink D, Andreou D, Bauer S. et al. Treatment of Angiosarcoma with Pazopanib and Paclitaxel: Results of the EVA (Evaluation of Votrient® in Angiosarcoma) Phase II Trial of the German Interdisciplinary Sarcoma Group (GISG-06). Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13: 1223
• 222 Florou V, Rosenberg AE, Wieder E. et al. Angiosarcoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a case series of seven patients from a single institution. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7: 213
• 223 Wagner MJ, Othus M, Patel SP. et al. Multicenter phase II trial (SWOG S1609, cohort 51) of ipilimumab and nivolumab in metastatic or unresectable angiosarcoma: a substudy of dual anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 blockade in rare tumors (DART). J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9: e002990
• 224 Makhlouf HR, Ishak KG, Goodman ZD. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver: a clinicopathologic study of 137 cases. Cancer 1999; 85: 562-582
• 225 Läuffer JM, Zimmermann A, Krähenbühl L. et al. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver. A rare hepatic tumor. Cancer 1996; 78: 2318-2327
• 226 Mehrabi A, Kashfi A, Fonouni H. et al. Primary malignant hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: a comprehensive review of the literature with emphasis on the surgical therapy. Cancer 2006; 107: 2108-2121
• 227 Kitaichi M, Nagai S, Nishimura K. et al. Pulmonary epithelioid haemangioendothelioma in 21 patients, including three with partial spontaneous regression. Eur Respir J 1998; 12: 89-96
• 228 Rosenberg A, Agulnik M. Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma: Update on Diagnosis and Treatment. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2018; 19: 19
• 229 Hettmer S, Andrieux G, Hochrein J. et al. Epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas of the liver and lung in children and adolescents. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017;
• 230 Lerut JP, Orlando G, Adam R. et al. The place of liver transplantation in the treatment of hepatic epitheloid heman- gioendothelioma: report of the European liver transplant registry. Ann Surg 2007; 246: 949-957
• 231 Agrawal N, Parajuli S, Zhao P. et al. Liver transplantation in the management of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: a single-center experience and review of the literature. Transplant Proc 2011; 43: 2647-2650
• 232 Cheng Fang, Wei Zhang, Shusen Zheng. Liver transplantation for hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: a case report and literature review. Int J Clin Exp Med 2017; 10: 9693-9696
• 233 Bundesärztekammer. Richtlinie zur Organtransplantation gem. § 16 TPG. Accessed August 29, 2021 at: https://www.bundesaerztekammer.de/fileadmin/user_upload/downloads/pdf-Ordner/RL/RiliOrgaWlOvLeberTx20190924.pdf
• 234 Chen F, Gulati M, Tchelepi H. Hepatic Kaposi Sarcoma Revisited: An Important but Less Commonly Seen Neoplasm in Patients With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Ultrasound Q 2017; 33: 109-111
• 235 Ocwieja KE, Vargas SO, Elisofon SA. et al. Pediatric post-transplant hepatic kaposi sarcoma due to donor-derived human herpesvirus 8. Pediatr Transplant 2019; 23: e13384
• 236 Lazăr DC, Avram MF, Romoșan I. et al. Malignant hepatic vascular tumors in adults: Characteristics, diagnostic difficulties and current management. World J Clin Oncol 2019; 10: 110-135
• 237 Cao Q, Ye Z, Chen S. et al. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of liver: a multi-institutional experience with 9 cases. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7: 8647-8656
• 238 O’Sullivan MJ, Swanson PE, Knoll J. et al. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma with unusual features arising within mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver: report of a case and review of the literature. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2001; 4: 482-489
• 239 Beyer L, Delpero JR, Chetaille B. et al. Solitary fibrous tumor in the round ligament of the liver: a fortunate intraoperative discovery. Case Rep Oncol 2012; 5: 187-194
• 240 Sugarbaker PH, Bijelic L. The porta hepatis as a site of recurrence of mucinous appendiceal neoplasms treated by cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Tumori 2008; 94: 694-700
• 241 Gaignard E, Bergeat D, Stock N. et al. Portal vein leiomyosarcoma: A rare case of hepatic hilar tumor with review of the literature. Indian J Cancer 2019; 56: 83-85
• 242 Brichard B, Smets F, Sokal E. et al. Unusual evolution of an Epstein-Barr virus-associated leio- myosarcoma occurring after liver transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2001; 5: 365-369
• 243 Paasch C, Salak M, Mairinger T. et al. Leiomyosarcoma of the gallbladder-A case report and a review of literature. Int J Surg Case Rep 2020; 66: 182-186
• 244 Nicol K, Savell V, Moore J. et al. Distinguishing undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver from biliary tract rhabdomyosarcoma: a children’s oncology group study. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2007; 10: 89-97
• 245 Zampieri N, Camoglio F, Corroppolo M. et al. Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma of the biliary tract in chilren: a unique case report. Eur J Cancer Care 2006; 15: 463-466
• 246 Kumar V, Chaudhary S, Kumar M. et al. Rhabdomyosarcoma of biliary tract – a diagnostic dilemma. Indian J Surg Oncol 2012; 3: 314-316
• 247 Margain-Deslandes L, Gelas T, Bergeron C. et al. A botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma diagnosed as a choledochal cyst. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 2089-2090
• 248 Patrono D, Paraluppi G, Romagnoli R. Disease-free survival after radical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy for primary hepatic synovial sarcoma. Updates Surg 2018; 70: 569-571
• 249 Holla P, Hafez GR, Slukvin I. et al. Synovial sarcoma, a primary liver tumor--a case report. Pathol Res Pract 2006; 202: 385-387
• 250 Srivastava A, Nielsen PG, Dal Cin P. et al. Monophasic synovial sarcoma of the liver. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2005; 129: 1047-1049
• 251 Alam F, Alam K, Qadri S. et al. Suspected hydatid cyst of liver harbouring an aggressive desmoplastic small round cell tumour. BMJ Case Rep 2014; 2014: bcr2014204232
• 252 Shaddix KK, Fakhre GP, Nields WW. et al. Primary alveolar soft-part sarcoma of the liver: anomalous presentation of a rare disease. Am Surg 2008; 74: 43-46
• 253 Oviedo Ramírez MI, Bas Bernal A, Ortiz Ruiz E. et al. Desmoplastic nested spindle cell tumor of the liver in an adult. Ann Diagn Pathol 2010; 14: 44-49