In Deutschland werden jährlich ca. zwischen 950 und 1200 Laryngektomien durchgeführt
[1]. Die operative Entfernung des Kehlkopfs aufgrund ausgedehnter Hypopharynx- und Larynxkarzinome
stellt die behandelnden Ärzte vor die umfassende Aufgabe, die damit einhergehenden
Funktionsverluste, insbesondere die Stimmfunktion und den damit einhergehenden Verlust
der Kommunikationsfähigkeit, in alltagsfähiger Weise wiederherzustellen.
Abstract
In Germany, approximately 950–1200 laryngectomies are performed annually due to extensive
hypopharyngeal and laryngeal carcinomas. The removal of the larynx results in significant
life changing functional losses, particularly in voice production and communication,
resulting in psychological issues and social withdrawal. Rehabilitation requires a
multidisciplinary team focusing on restoring communication skills. Methods include
pseudowhispering, esophageal speech, external mechanical and electromechanical aids,
and tracheoesophageal speech prostheses. Pseudowhispering uses air from the mouth
and pharynx, while esophageal speech requires controlled release of esophageal air
to produce sound. External aids include devices like the Electrolarynx. Tracheoesophageal
speech prostheses, the current gold standard, offer superior phonation time and clarity
but require frequent visits to the healthcare system to address complications due
to the limited lifespan of the prosthesis. Despite high success rates with transoesophageal
prostheses, some patients may face significant challenges. In conclusion, voice rehabilitation
post-laryngectomy is crucial for social reintegration. Comprehensive patient education
on the benefits and challenges of different methods is essential for making an informed
decision tailored to their lifestyle.
Schlüsselwörter
Laryngektomie - Stimmrehabilitation - transösophageale Stimmprothese - Protheseninsuffizienz
Keywords
laryngectomy - voice rehabilitation - transoesophageal voice prosthesis - prosthetic
insufficiency
