Hyperemesis gravidarum – eine interprofessionelle und interdisziplinäre Herausforderung

Zusammenfassung

Die Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) ist eine multifaktorielle Erkrankung, charakterisiert durch persistierende Übelkeit/Erbrechen, Dehydratation, Gewichtsverlust von mindestens 5%, Elektrolytstörungen und Ketoazidose. Die Prävalenz liegt weltweit zwischen 0,3 und 10%. Die Diagnose wird anhand der Anamnese, der klinischen Symptome, der körperlichen Untersuchung und der typischen Laborveränderungen gestellt. Grundpfeiler der Therapie sind Ernährungsberatung, Beratung zum Lebensstil, psychologische/psychosoziale Unterstützung der Schwangeren und die Gabe von Antiemetika im Sinne eines sich an dem Schweregrad der Symptome orientierenden Stufenkonzepts. Ein häufiger Wechsel von Antiemetika ist zu vermeiden. Die Behandlung der HG erfordert eine enge interprofessionelle und interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit.

Abstract

Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a multifactorial disease characterized by severe and persisting nausea and vomiting, impairment of oral intake, weight loss of at least 5%, electrolyte abnormalities, and dehydration. The prevalence of HG ranges from 0.3 to 10% worldwide. The diagnosis is made by the patient’s prehistory, clinical symptoms, physical examination, and the typical laboratory abnormalities. Therapeutic cornerstones are nutrition advice, consultation of life style, psychological/psychosocial support of the mother as well as the administration of antiemetics in a stepwise approach, depending on the severity of symptoms, and finally admission to hospital in severe cases. Treatment of patients requires close interprofessional and interdisciplinary cooperation.

Schlüsselwörter

Übelkeit/Erbrechen in der Schwangerschaft - Hyperemesis gravidarum - Ätiologie - Diagnose - alternative Therapien - Antiemetika

Key words

Nausea and Vomiting of pregnancy - Hyperemesis gravidarum - aetiology - diagnostics - alternative therapies - antiemetics

Publication History

Received: 28 August 2023

Accepted after revision: 02 October 2023

Article published online:
08 December 2023

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