Auswirkungen der positiven Überdruckbeatmung auf die Lungenkapazität bei Militärpiloten – eine systematische Literaturübersicht

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

In modernen Kampfflugzeugen wird der Pilot im Rahmen von Anti-G-Maßnahmen durch eine Überdruckbeatmung (PBG, Positive Pressure Breathing for G-Protection) hohen Beatmungsdrücken von bis zu 70 mmHg ausgesetzt. Wenngleich die positiven Effekte der PBG auf die G-Toleranz von (Kampfjet-)Piloten gut untersucht sind, gibt es keine aktuelle Übersicht über die Folgen dieser an sich unphysiologischen Beatmungsdrücke. Die vorliegende Literaturübersicht hat daher das Ziel, den aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Sachstand zu den kurz- wie auch langfristigen Folgen der PBG auf den Piloten in modernen Kampfflugzeugen zusammenzufassen. Soweit die wenigen Studien dies zulassen, scheint der Effekt einer assistierten bzw. nicht assistierten Überdruckbeatmung sich positiv auf die Leistungssteigerung auszuwirken, während in den vorliegenden Studien keine nennenswerten akuten und/oder längeren unerwünschten Effekte, teilweise aber auf Basis kleiner Kollektive, zu erkennen war.

ABSTRACT

In modern fighter aircraft, the pilot is exposed to high ventilation pressures of up to 70 mmHg through positive pressure ventilation (PBG) as part of anti-G measures. Although the positive effects of PBG on the G tolerance of (fighter jet) pilots have been well studied, there is no current overview of the consequences of these inherently unphysiological ventilation pressures. The present literature review therefore aims to summarize the current scientific status on the short- and long-term consequences of PBG on pilots in modern combat aircraft. As far as the few studies allow, the effect of PBG with and without an external anti-G vest appears to have a positive effect on improving performance, while in the available studies there were no significant acute and long-term undesirable effects, although some were based on small collectives.

Key words

pilot - military - positive pressure breathing - high-performance aircraft - lung

Publication History

Article published online:
29 May 2024

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