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DOI: 10.1055/a-2318-8941
”Nicht-medikamentöse Verfahren in der Kopfschmerzprophylaxe, was ist die Evidenz?“
Non-medical Approaches to Headache Prevention: What is the Evidence?
Zusammenfassung
Primäre Kopfschmerzen können durch Medikamente, Übungen, Verhaltenstherapie oder Änderungen des Lebensstils vorgebeugt werden. Wichtig ist, dass bei einer medikamentösen Prophylaxe auch ergänzend nicht-medikamentöse Ansätze empfohlen werden sollten. Patienten wünschen sich häufig, auch ohne Medikamente gegen ihre Kopfschmerzen vorzugehen. Außer für die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie und Biofeedback ist die Evidenz für nicht-medikamentöse Verfahren in der Kopfschmerztherapie noch nicht endgültig geklärt. Dieser Artikel gibt eine Übersicht der aktuellen Literatur über die Evidenz von Ausdauersport, Entspannungsübungen, Physiotherapie, Lebensstilfaktoren und komplementären Verfahren. Bei Kopfschmerzen vom Spannungstyp gibt es zunehmend Studien mit positiven Ergebnissen aus der Physiotherapie. Positive Ergebnisse mit langfristigem Follow-up stehen noch aus. Die beste Evidenz zur Vorbeugung der Migräne existiert für den aeroben Ausdauersport. Aber auch andere Verfahren können zum Einsatz kommen.
Abstract
Primary headaches can be prevented by medication, exercise, behavioral therapy, or lifestyle changes. It is important to note that if medication is used for prophylaxis, non-drug approaches should also be recommended as a complement. Patients often wish to address their headaches without medication. Except for cognitive behavioral therapy and biofeedback, the evidence for nonmedication approaches to headache management has not been definitively established. This article reviews the current literature on the evidence for endurance exercise, relaxation exercises, physical therapy, lifestyle factors, and complementary procedures. For tension-type headache, there is an increasing number of studies reporting positive results from physical therapy; long-term follow-up, however, are still pending. Aerobic endurance exercise has the best evidence as a measure for prevention of migraine. However, other methods can also be used.
Publication History
Received: 04 October 2023
Accepted after revision: 30 April 2024
Article published online:
17 June 2024
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