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DOI: 10.1055/a-2327-5862
Selten erkrankt oder selten erkannt? Die spasmodische Dysphonie
Rarely occurring or rarely diagnosed? Spasmodic dysphonia
Die spasmodische Dysphonie (SD) ist eine fokale laryngeale Dystonie, die mit erheblicher Einschränkung der Stimme einhergehen kann. Die Seltenheit der Erkrankung führt oft zu einer prolongierten Diagnosestellung. Eine kausale Therapie existiert nicht, jedoch zeigt die symptomatische Behandlung in Form einer laryngealen Injektion von Botulinumtoxin gute Ansprechraten mit einer verbesserten Lebensqualität der betroffenen Patienten.
Abstract
Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a rare, chronic voice disorder characterized by involuntary spasms of the laryngeal muscles, leading to disrupted voice quality. The disorder is classified as a type of focal dystonia. The laryngeal spasms cause the voice to break, tremble, or sound strained and can manifest as adductor SD, which results in a tight, strangled voice, or abductor SD, which produces a breathy, whisper-like sound. The precise etiology of spasmodic dysphonia remains unclear, but it is believed to have a neurological basis, often associated with abnormalities in the central nervous system. Patients with SD typically experience a significant impact on communication and quality of life, as the condition can make speaking effortful and socially challenging. The diagnosis is based on a thorough medical history, voice assessment, and clinical-endoscopic examination. While there is no cure for SD, treatment options focus on symptom management. The most common intervention is the injection of botulinum toxin A (Botox) into the affected laryngeal muscles, temporarily reducing muscle overactivity and improving voice quality. Other therapeutic approaches include voice therapy and, in some cases, surgical procedures, although these may offer varying degrees of efficacy.
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Die SD ist eine seltene Erkrankung, die zu den fokalen Dystonien gezählt wird.
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Frauen sind häufiger betroffen als Männer, mit einem Symptombeginn meistens in der 3. Lebensdekade.
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Als pathophysiologische Ursache wird eine Funktionsstörung im Bereich der Basalganglien angenommen.
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Die Diagnosestellung sollte interdisziplinär anhand einer Stufendiagnostik aus Screening-Fragen, Stimmstatuserhebung und klinisch-apparativer Untersuchung erfolgen.
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Eine Therapie kann symptomatisch in Form von laryngealen Botulinumtoxin-Injektionen erfolgen.
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Die Behandlungsdauer ist nicht begrenzt, die Therapie zeigt sehr gute Ansprechraten.
Publication History
Article published online:
05 May 2025
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