The Role of Botulinum Toxin A Neuromodulator in the Management of Synkinesis in Facial Palsy

Abstract

Facial palsy describes the denervation of the facial nerve leading to difficulty in facial animation and expression. Facial synkinesis is the result of complex pathological nerve regeneration following damage to the facial nerve axons. Synkinesis in facial palsy can be managed using facial neuromuscular rehabilitation, botulinum toxin neuromodulators, and surgical treatment options. Botulinum toxin A can be used as an adjunct to other treatment options to manage synkinesis. This article will explore the role of botulinum toxin A in the management of synkinesis in facial palsy including the clinical assessment, injection location (muscles targeted), dosages, treatment interval, and long-term results. It will also include surgical management options.

Keywords

botulinum toxin - facial palsy - facial synkinesis - neuromodulator - management of synkinesis

Publication History

Accepted Manuscript online:
22 July 2024

Article published online:
27 August 2024

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