Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund/Ziele: Sponsoring von ärztlicher Fort- und Weiterbildung durch die Pharmaindustrie steht
zunehmend in der Kritik. Diese Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über internationale Studien
mit Schwerpunkt auf Einstellungen und Verhalten von Ärzten zum Themengebiet.
Methode: Systematische Literaturrecherche in PubMed für die letzten 10 Jahre. Eingeschlossen
wurden 22 englisch- und deutschsprachige Primärstudien sowie eine Sekundärarbeit.
Ergebnisse: Entgegen der Selbstwahrnehmung vieler Ärzte beeinflusst Pharmasponsoring ihre Eintellungen
und ihr Verhalten. Häufig kommen Mediziner schon während ihres Studiums in Kontakt
mit der Pharmaindustrie und betrachten während ihrer weiteren Laufbahn Zuwendungen
von der Industrie als Selbstverständlichkeit. Es gibt unterschiedliche Ansätze, um
z.B. mit Schulungsmaßnahmen gegenzusteuern, wobei nur wenig aussagekräftige Daten
zu Effektivität und Nachhaltigkeit vorliegen.
Diskussion: Folgende Kernziele für die Fort- und Weiterbildung zeichnen sich ab: (1) Reduktion
der Abhängigkeit der Fort- und Weiterbildung von der Pharmaindustrie, wozu eine (selbst)kritische
Überprüfung der bestehenden Finanzierungs- und Kostenstrukturen gehört. (2) Wo Pharmasponsoring
stattfindet, sollten verbindliche Regeln gelten. Hier steht die praktische Umsetzung
bestehender Empfehlungen z. B. der Bundesärztekammer im Mittelpunkt. (3) Erhöhung
der Sensibilität und Kompetenz von Ärzten im Umgang mit der Pharmaindustrie. Schulungsmaßnahmen
sollten frühzeitig (im Medizinstudium) einsetzen und kontinuirlich die Weiter- und
Fortbildung begleiten. Die Tauglichkeit von Schulungsmaßnahmen sollte unter Alltagsbedingungen
überprüft werden.
Abstract
Background: Pharmaceutical industry sponsored medical education has increasingly been criticized.
This paper provides an overview of international studies focussing on physicians'
behaviour and attitudes towards sponsored medical education.
Methods: Systematic literature review (past 10 years, English and German). 22 primary studies,
as well as one secondary study were included.
Results: In contrast to many physicians`own perception, pharmaceutical industry sponsorship
does affect their behaviour and their attitudes. Frequently, doctors-to-be already
have contact to the pharmaceutical industry during their medical studies. In their
later career they tend to take gifts from the pharmaceutical industry for granted.
There are a range of different educational approaches in order to go against this.
However, data on their effectiveness and sustainability is scarce.
Discussion: The following major targets for medical education have emerged: (1) Decreasing the
dependency of medical education and training which implies a critical evaluation of
existing funding and cost structures. (2) Where pharmaceutical industry sponsored
medical education takes place, binding regulations should be used. This implies the
implementation of already existing recommendations, e.g. of the German Medical Association.
(3) Increasing the awareness and competence of physicians when dealing with the pharmaceutical
industry. The related education should start early during university studies and continue
during all phases of on-the-job training and practice. The efficiency of educational
interventions should be monitored in the daily routine conditions.
Schlüsselwörter
Ärztliche Fortbildung - Pharmaindustrie - Interessenskonflikte
Key words
medical education - drug industry - conflict of interest
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Korrespondenzadresse
PD Dr. N. Schneider
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
Institut für Epidemiologie
Sozialmedizin und Gesundheitssystemforschung
Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1
30627 Hannover
Email: schneider.nils@mh-hannover.de