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DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109361
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Pathologischer Internetgebrauch – Epidemiologie, Diagnostik, komorbide Störungen und Behandlungsansätze
Pathological Internet Use – Epidemiology, Diagnostics, Co-Occurring Disorders and TreatmentPublication History
Publication Date:
05 May 2009 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Im Jahr 2009 kann auf eine 40-jährige Geschichte des Internets zurückgeblickt werden. Während die meisten Nutzer das Internet in der Regel kontrolliert gebrauchen, entwickelt sich bei anderen ein Verlust der Fähigkeit, die Häufigkeit und Dauer der Internetaktivitäten zu begrenzen. Mit wachsendem Ausmaß können der exzessive Zeitverbrauch und die Einengung des Verhaltensraums zu dramatischen psychosozialen Konsequenzen führen. Ein solches Phänomen wird als „pathologischer Internetgebrauch” bezeichnet. Im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums der Gesundheit wurde ein Systematisches Review der seit 1996 publizierten wissenschaftlichen Literatur erstellt. Die Hauptergebnisse werden in der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit präsentiert. Angaben zur Prävalenz des pathologischen Internetgebrauchs sind aufgrund methodischer Schwierigkeiten bei der Diagnose dieses neuen Störungsbildes zurückhaltend zu beurteilen. In internationalen Studien schwanken die Angaben zwischen 1,6 % und 8,2 %. Für Deutschland existieren keine Daten aus repräsentativen Stichproben. Geeignete reliable und valide Untersuchungsinstrumente fehlen. Eine Übersetzung und deutsche Normierung der „Compulsive Internet Use Scale” wird empfohlen. Vorliegende Studien sprechen mehrheitlich für eine hohe Komorbidität des pathologischen Internetgebrauchs mit anderen psychiatrischen Störungen, wobei das gemeinsame Auftreten mit affektiven sowie Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Hyperaktivitäts-Störungen (ADHS) am besten belegt ist. Unklar bleibt dabei die Art des Zusammenhangs. Vorliegende Therapieansätze basieren vorwiegend auf in der Behandlung stoffgebundener Abhängigkeiten bewährten Ansätzen. Eine evidenzbasierte Behandlungsempfehlung ist mangels aussagekräftiger Studien nicht möglich.
Abstract
In 2009, we can look back on a history of 40 years of internet use. While most consumers make use of the internet in a controlled fashion, a progressive loss of the ability to control the frequency and duration of internet activities emerges in some users. As a consequence, the excessive time devoted to internet use and the behavioural narrowing can lead to dramatical psychosocial outcomes. This phenomenon is referred to as ”pathological internet use” (PIU). On behalf of the German ministry of health a systematic review of the literature since 1996 has been carried out. The main results will be presented in this review. Prevalence data on pathological internet use are limited by methodological difficulties concerning the diagnosis and the heterogeneity of diagnostical instruments. International prevalence rates range from 1.5 % to 8.2 %. Annual studies on representative samples of the German population describe their internet use and patterns of use, but information on the prevalence of PIU is missing. Diagnostical instruments are needed that show sufficient reliability and validity and allow international comparisons. Research on the Dutch ”Compulsive Internet Use Scale” may close this gap. Cross-sectional studies on samples of patients report high comorbidity of PIU with psychiatric disorders, e. g. affective disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). If PIU and these co-occurring disorders could be explained by shared risk factors or better as secondary disorders is largely unknown. The treatment currently is based on therapeutical interventions and strategies successful in the treatment of substance use disorders. Due to the lack of methodological sufficient research it is currently impossible to recommend any evidence-based treatment of PIU.
Schlüsselwörter
Internetsucht - pathologischer Internetgebrauch - Computersucht
Key words
pathological internet use - internet addiction - PIU
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