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DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109363
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Ethische Überlegungen zur Verhütung von Suizid in der Psychiatrie
Publication History
Publication Date:
28 April 2009 (online)

Die Begegnung mit suizidalen Klienten stellt ein wiederkehrendes und zutiefst ethisches Problem der psychiatrischen Praxis dar. Dabei betrachtet man überlegten (bilanzierenden) Suizid selten im Zusammenhang mit psychologischem Leiden, er wird in der Literatur im Allgemeinen nur in Verbindung mit terminaler Erkrankung diskutiert. Anhand eines konstruierten Fallbeispiels, das mithilfe von Erfahrungen, die von verschiedenen Patienten stammen, zusammengesetzt wurde, setzt sich diese Arbeit mit der Voraussetzung auseinander, dass Suizidgedanken vielleicht kein irrationaler Glaube sind, der auf der Grundlage einer seelischen Störung entsteht. Die Arbeit analysiert die ethischen Aspekte der pflegerischen Versorgung mithilfe der konkurrierenden moralischen Rahmensetzungen, die auf der einen Seite eher von fürsorglicher, auf der anderen Seite eher von prinzipieller Begründung pflegerischer Ethik ausgehen. Wir schließen daraus, dass – wenn der Klient nicht in der Lage ist, autonome Entscheidungen zu treffen – beide Ansätze zum selben Ergebnis führen. Wenn der Klient fähig ist, autonome Entscheidungen zu treffen, führen die zwei Ansätze zu unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen. Speziell vom fürsorglichen Ansatz her lassen sich Maßnahmen zur Prävention von Suizid leichter rechtfertigen; er hilft dazu, die pflegerische Begegnung zu gestalten, die schon durch das Engagement Hoffnung fördert.
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1 Im deutschsprachigen Raum wird der „rationale Suizid” meist als Bilanzsuizid bezeichnet. In diesem Artikel wird der Ausdruck „rationaler Suizid” beibehalten (Anm. d. Ü.).
Jeanette Hewitt
Centre for Mental Health Studies, School of Health Science, University of Wales Swansea
Singleton Park
Swansea SA 2 8PP
UK
Email: j. l.hewitt@swan.ac.uk