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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1225298
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Das Problem von Compliance und Adhärenz am Beispiel der chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen
The problems of compliance and adherence, using the example of chronic inflammatory bowel diseasePublikationsverlauf
eingereicht: 19.3.2009
akzeptiert: 10.6.2009
Publikationsdatum:
23. Juni 2009 (online)

Zusammenfassung
In welchem Ausmaß befolgt der Patient die Therapieempfehlungen seines Arztes?
Diesen Sachverhalt beschreiben die Begriffe „Compliance” und „Adherence”. Vor allem im Rahmen der Therapie chronischer Erkrankungen gibt es bei der Therapietreue große Probleme. Patienten nehmen oft nur 40 bis 80 % der verschriebenen Arzneimitteldosen ein. Dies hat nicht nur erhebliche Folgen für den Krankheitsverlauf beim einzelnen Patienten, sondern auch für das Gesundheitssystem allgemein. Große Schwierigkeiten bestehen nach wie vor beim Erkennen schlechter Adhärenz, da der Arzt zumeist auf die Angaben des Patienten angewiesen ist. Bei den Ursachen von Adhärenzproblemen lassen sich krankheitbezogene, therapiebezogene und patientenbezogene Faktoren sowie die Qualität der Arzt-Patient Beziehung unterscheiden. Aufgrund der vielfältigen und individuellen Ursachen ist die Verbesserung der Adhärenz oft schwierig. Diese Tatsache wird durch ein aktuelles Cochrane Review belegt, in dem nur 5 von 21 randomisierten und kontrollierten Studien über Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Adhärenz signifikante Erfolge verzeichnen konnten. Allerdings bestanden bei fast der Hälfte der Studien methodische Mängel, die ein statistisches Erfassen von Verbesserungen aufgrund geringer Probendenzahlen weniger wahrscheinlich machten. Insgesamt sind große Anstregungen von Ärzten, Patienten und Gesundheitspolitik notwendig, um eine substantielle Veränderung in der Adhärenzproblematik zu erreichen.
Summary
To what extent do patients comply with their doctor's treatment recommendation, i.e. show "compliance" and "adherence" ?. The treatment of chronic diseases in particular is associated with enormous problems of adherence. Patients often take only 40 to 80% of their prescribed dosage of medication. This issue affects not only the course of the disease in the particular patient, but also has considerable impact on the health care system. Great difficulties still exist in recognizing poor adherence, because doctors depend on the information given by their patients. The reasons for adherence problems can be attributed to disease-related, treatment-related or patient-related factors, as well as to the quality of the doctor-patient relationship. Improving adherence is difficult due to its numerous and individually different causes. This has been emphasized by a recent Cochrane review, in which only 5 out of 21 randomized and controlled studies concerning the improvement of adherence demonstrated significant success. However, half of the studies displayed methodological errors that weakened the statistical detection of improvement because of the low numbers patients. Overall, enormous efforts will be required of doctors, patients and health care policies to achieve substantial alterations in the problems associated with adherence.
Schlüsselwörter
Compliance - Adhärenz - chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankungen
Keywords
compliance - adherence - inflammatory bowel disease
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Univ.-Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. M. V. Singer
Direktor der II.
Medizinischen Universitätsklinik, Universitätsmedizin
Mannheim
Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1 – 3
68167 Mannheim
Telefon: 0621/383-3284
Fax: 0621/383-3805
eMail: manfred.v.singer@med.ma.uni-heidelberg.de