Stellenwert der Magnetresonanztomografie in der Diagnostik der Endometriose

Zusammenfassung

Die Endometriose ist eine Erkrankung des Uterus, bei der es zu Absiedlungen von endometriumähnlichem Gewebe außerhalb des Endometriums kommt. Die Endometriose ist nach den Uterusmyomen die häufigste benigne chronische Erkrankung junger Frauen mit erheblichen Auswirkungen auf deren Lebensqualität. Die vermutete Prävalenz liegt bei 10 %. Neben dem Uterus, den Ovarien und den Parametrien sind klinisch wichtige Lokalisationen der pelvinen extragenitalen Endometriose das Septum rektovaginale, der Douglas’sche Raum, das Ligamentum sacrouterinum, das Rektum und Sigma, die Harnblase mit Ureteren und das Peritoneum. Die häufigste Lokalisation der extrapelvinen Endometriose ist die Abdominalwand. Das MRT gehört heute zum festen Bestandteil in der Diagnostik der Endometriose. Limitationen bestehen im Nachweis peritonealer Manifestationen der Endometriose und in der exakten Definition der Infiltrationstiefe von Endometrioseläsionen im Bereich des Intestinaltrakts und der Harnblase.

Abstract

Endometriosis is a disease of the uterus with displacement of endometrium-like tissue outside the endometrium. Endometriosis is a common benign chronic often debilitating disease that primarily affects young woman. The estimated prevalence is about 10 %. In addition to the uterus and ovaries, clinically important localisations are the rectovaginal space, rectum, sigmoid colon, urinary bladder, ureter and peritoneum. The most common localisation outside the pelvis is the abdominal wall. Today, MRI is one of the most important tools in the diagnosis of endometriosis. The detection of peritoneal manifestations and the exact definition of the depth of infiltration in the rectum, sigmoid colon and bladder walls are limitations of MRI.

Key words

uterus - pelvis - ovary - MR imaging - endometriosis

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