Hintergrund: Central Pattern Generator – Hypothesen und Evidenz

Zusammenfassung

Die Fortbewegung des Menschen basiert auf der Aktivität neuronaler Schaltkreise im Rückenmark, dem Central Pattern Generator (CPG). Afferente Informationen von der Peripherie, also den Extremitäten, beeinflussen diesen. Umgekehrt selektioniert der CPG die afferenten Informationen (Reflexe) entsprechend den äußeren Erfordernissen. Sowohl der CPG als auch die Reflexe stehen unter der Kontrolle des Hirnstamms und des Gehirns. Bei zentralmotorischen Erkrankungen besteht eine fehlerhafte Nutzung afferenter Informationen durch den CPG in Kombination mit sekundären kompensatorischen Prozessen. Neuere Studien zeigen eine Plastizität dieser neuronalen Schaltkreise im Rückenmark nach einer Hirn- oder Rückenmarkläsion, die man in der Rehabilitationstherapie nutzen sollte.

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