RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1259070
Recent Advances in the Stereochemical Determination and Total Synthesis of Myxobacterial Polyketides
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
24. November 2010 (online)

Abstract
Myxobacteria are a rich source of structurally diverse polyketides with unique architectures. Many of these compounds are associated with high biological activities, including antiproliferative, antibiotic, antifungal, and antiplasmodial activities, and in many cases specific targets are addressed at the molecular level. Unfortunately, many of these compounds were originally only reported as flat structures, impeding further advancement. In recent years, considerable progress has been made on the stereochemical determination and total syntheses of myxobacterial polyketides. This account highlights from a personal perspective illustrative examples of recent advances in the stereochemical determination and total synthesis of myxobacterial polyketides.
1 Introduction
2 Archazolid
2.1 Stereochemical Determination
2.2 Modular Total Synthesis of Archazolid A and B (Menche)
2.3 Total Synthesis of Archazolid B (Trauner)
3 Etnangien
3.1 Stereochemical Determination
3.2 Total Synthesis (Menche)
4 Thuggacin
5 Spirangien
5.1 Total Synthesis (Paterson)
5.2 Fragment Synthesis (Kalesse)
6 Conclusion
Key words
macrocycles - stereoselectivity - aldol reactions - polyketides - total synthesis
- For reviews, see:
- 1a
Höfle G.Reichenbach H. In Sekundärmetabolismus bei MikroorganismenKuhn W.Fiedler H.-P. Attempto; Tübingen: 1995. p.61-78Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 1b
Reichenbach H.Höfle G. In Drug Discovery from NatureGrabley S.Thierecke R. Springer; Berlin: 1999. p.149-179Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 1c
Williams DR. Org. Prep. Proced. Int. 2000, 32: 411Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 1d
Wenzel SC.Müller R. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2007, 24: 1211Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 1e
Nett M.König G. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2007, 24: 1245Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 1f
Menche D. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2008, 25: 905Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 1g
Weissman KJ.Müller R. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2009, 17: 2121Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 2 For a recent review, see:
Weissman KJ.Müller R. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2010, 27: 1276 - 3 For an impressive total synthesis
campaign by industry, see:
Klar U.Buchmann B.Schwede W.Skuballa W.Hoffmann J.Lichtner RB. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45: 7942 - 4
Höfle G.Bedorf N.Steinmetz H.Schomburg D.Gerth K.Reichenbach H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35: 1567 - Planar structure:
- 5a
Höfle G,Reichenbach H,Sasse F, andSteinmetz H. inventors; DE 4142951 C1.Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 5b
Sasse F.Steinmetz H.Höfle G.Reichenbach H. J. Antibiot. 2003, 56: 520Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 6 Stereochemistry:
Hassfeld J.Farès C.Steinmetz H.Carlomagno T.Menche D. Org. Lett. 2006, 8: 4751 - 7 Relative configuration:
Niggemann J.Bedorf N.Flörke U.Steinmetz H.Gerth K.Reichenbach H.Höfle G. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 5013 - 8 Absolute configuration by fragment
synthesis:
Paterson I.Findlay AD.Anderson EA. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46: 6699 - 9 Planar structure:
Jansen R.Irschik H.Reichenbach H.Höfle G. Liebigs Ann./Recl. 1997, 1725 - Stereochemistry:
- 10a
Janssen D.Albert D.Jansen R.Müller R.Kalesse M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46: 4898Reference Ris Wihthout Link - During the review process of this account, the first total synthesis of chivosazole F has been reported:
- 10b
Brodmann T.Janssen D.Kalesse M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132: 13610Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 11 Partial assignment of the relative
configuration:
Steinmetz H.Irschik H.Kunze B.Reichenbach H.Höfle G.Jansen R. Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13: 5822 - 12 Absolute and relative stereochemistry:
Bock M.Buntin K.Müller R.Kirschning A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47: 2308 - Planar structure:
- 13a
Höfle G,Reichenbach H,Irschik H, andSchummer D. inventors; DE 19630980 B4.Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 13b
Irschik H.Schummer D.Höfle G.Reichenbach H.Steinmetz H.Jansen R. J. Nat. Prod. 2007, 70: 1060Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 14 Stereochemistry:
Menche D.Arikan F.Perlova O.Horstmann N.Ahlbrecht W.Wenzel SC.Jansen R.Irschik H.Müller R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130: 14234 - Rhizopodin was originally reported as a monomeric structure:
- 15a
Höfle G,Reichenbach H,Sasse F, andSteinmetz H. inventors; DE 4142950 A1.Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 15b
Sasse F.Steinmetz H.Höfle G.Reichenbach H. J. Antibiot. 1993, 46: 741Reference Ris Wihthout Link - Stereochemistry:
- 16a
Horstmann N.Menche D. Chem. Commun. (Cambridge) 2008, 5173Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 16b
Hagelüken G.Albrecht G.Jansen R.Steinmetz H.Heinz D.Kalesse M.Sasse F.Schubert WD. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48: 595Reference Ris Wihthout Link - Another prominent example is the complex polyketide sorangicin for which initial stereochemical ambiguities at one of the stereogenic centers (C-10) were resolved by total synthesis:
- 17a
Jansen R.Wray V.Irschik H.Reichenbach H.Höfle G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1985, 26: 6031Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 17b
Smith AB.Dong S.Brenneman JB.Fox RJ. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131: 12109Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 18a
Huss M.Sasse F.Kunze B.Jansen R.Steinmetz H.Ingenhorst G.Zeeck A.Wieczorek H. BMC Biochem. 2005, 6: 13Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 18b
Bockelmann S.Menche D.Rudolph S.Bender T.Grond S.von Zezschwitz P.Muench S.Wieczorek H.Huss M. J. Biol. Chem. 2010, 285: in pressReference Ris Wihthout Link - For reviews, see:
- 19a
Huss M.Wieczorek H. J. Exp. Biol. 2001, 204: 2597Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 19b
Beyenbach KW.Wieczorek H.
J. Exp. Biol. 2006, 209: 577Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 19c
Huss M.Wieczorek H. J. Exp. Biol. 2009, 212: 341Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 20
Perez-Sayans M.Somoza-Martin JM.Barros-Angueira F.Rey JMG. Cancer Treat. Rev. 2009, 35: 707 - 21
Menche D.Hassfeld J.Steinmetz H.Huss M.Wieczorek H.Sasse F. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 1196 - 22
Menche D.Hassfeld J.Steinmetz H.Huss M.Wieczorek H.Sasse S. J. Antibiot. 2007, 60: 328 - 23
Matsumori N.Kaneno D.Murata M.Nakamura H.Tachibana K. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64: 866 - For recent reviews on the stereochemical determination of complex polyketides, see:
- 24a
Bifulco G.Dambruoso P.Gomez-Paloma L.Riccio R. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107: 3744Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 24b
See also ref. 1f
Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 25 For a recent review on the determination
of proton-carbon coupling constants, see:
Marquez BL.Gerwick WH.Williamson RT. Magn. Reson. Chem. 2001, 39: 499 - 26
Kozminski W.Nanz D. J. Magn. Reson. 2000, 142: 294 - 27
Mohamadi F.Richards NGJ.Guida WC.Liskamp R.Lipton M.Caufield C.Chang G.Hendrickson T.Still WC. J. Comput. Chem. 1990, 11: 440 - 28
Still WC.Tempczyk A.Hawley RC.Hendrickson T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112: 6127 - 29
Farès C.Hassfeld J.Menche D.Carlomagno T. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47: 3722 - 30
Menche D.Hassfeld J.Li J.Rudolph S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129: 6100 - 31
Menche D.Hassfeld J.Li J.Mayer K.Rudolph S. J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74: 7220 - 32
Roethle PA.Chen IT.Trauner D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129: 8960 - 33 For a review on archazolid syntheses,
see:
von Zezschwitz P. Nachr. Chem. 2008, 56: 535 - 34a
Huang ZH.Negishi E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129: 14788Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 34b
O’Neil GW.Black MJ. Synlett 2010, 107Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 34c
Negishi E.Wang G.Rao H.Xu Z. J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75: 3151Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 34d
Moulin E.Nevado C.Gagnepain J.Kelter G.Fiebig H.-H.Fürstner H. Tetrahedron 2010, 66: 6421Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 35
Brown HC.Bhat KS.Randad RS. J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54: 1570Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 36
Cowden CJ.Paterson I. Org. React. (N. Y.) 1997, 51: 1 - 37
Still WC.Gennari C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24: 4405 - 38
Baker R.Castro JL. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1990, 47 - 39
Inoue T.Liu J.-F.Buske DC.Abiko A. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67: 5250 - 40
Li J.Li P.Menche D. Synlett 2009, 2417 - 41
Corey EJ.Helal CJ. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37: 1986 - 42
Kita Y.Maeda H.Omori K.Okuno T.Tamura Y. Synlett 1993, 273 - 43
Hoye TR.Jeffrey CS.Tennakoon MA.Wang J.Zhao HJ. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126: 10210Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 44
Trost BM.Gunzner JL. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123: 9449 - 45
Tanino K.Arakawa K.Satoh M.Iwata Y.Miyashita M. Tetrahedron Lett. 2006, 47: 861 - 46
Trost BM.Toste FD. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40: 7739 - 47 For first SAR studies, see:
Menche D.Hassfeld J.Sasse F.Huss M.Wieczorek H. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2007, 17: 1732 - 48a
Darst S. Trends Biochem. Sci. 2004, 29: 159Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 48b
Chopra I. Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs 2007, 8: 600Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 48c
Haebich D.von Nussbaum F. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48: 3397Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 48d
Mariani R.Maffioli SI. Curr. Med. Chem. 2009, 16: 430Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 49
Rychnovsky SD.Skalitzky DJ. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31: 945 - 50
Reid R.Piagentini M.Rodriguez E.Ashley G.Viswanathan N.Carney J.Santi DV.Hutchinson CR.McDaniel R. Biochemistry 2003, 42: 72 - 51
Caffrey P. ChemBioChem 2003, 4: 654 - In a similar fashion, bioinformatic analyses were applied in the stereochemical determination of other myxobacterial polyketides; chivosazol:
- 52a
See also ref. 10 thuggacin:
Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 52b
See also ref. 12
Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 53 For a review on polypropanoate syntheses,
see:
Li J.Menche D. Synthesis 2009, 2293 - 54
Arikan F.Li J.Menche D. Org. Lett. 2008, 10: 3521 - 55a
Li P.Li J.Arikan F.Ahlbrecht W.Dieckmann M.Menche D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131: 11678Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 55b
Li P.Li J.Arikan F.Ahlbrecht W.Dieckmann M.Menche D. J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75: 2429Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 56
Li J.Menche D. Synthesis 2009, 1904 - 57a
Myers AG.Lanman BA. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124: 12969Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 57b
Tokunaga M.Larrow JF.Kakiuchi F.Jacobsen EN. Science (Washington, DC, U.S.) 1997, 277: 936Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 58
Evans DA.Chapman KT.Carriera EM. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110: 3560 - 59
Menche D.Li P.Irschik H. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2010, 20: 939 - 60
Bock M.Dehn R.Kirschning A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47: 9134 - 61 For a synthetic study towards thuggacin,
see:
Tang S.Xu Z.Ye T. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2009, 20: 2027 - 62
Nagao Y.Hagiwara Y.Kumagai T.Ochichi M. J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51: 2391 - 63
Sakakura A.Kondo R.Umemura S.Ishihara K. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2007, 349: 1641 - 64a
Nakagawa K.Konaka R.Nakata T. J. Org. Chem. 1963, 27: 1597Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 64b
Evans DL.Minster DK.Jordis U.Hecht SM.Mazz AL.Meyers AI. J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44: 497Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 65
Tamao K.Akita M.Maeda K.Kumada M. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52: 1100 - 66
Wipf P.Graham TH. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126: 15346 - 67
Shiina I.Kubota M.Oshiumi H.Hashizume M. J. Org. Chem. 2004, 69: 1822 - 68
Frank B.Knauber J.Steinmetz H.Scharfe M.Blöcker H.Beyer S.Müller R. Chem. Biol. 2007, 14: 221 - 69
Paterson I.Findlay AD.Noti C. Chem. Commun. (Cambridge) 2008, 6408 - 70
Paterson I.Findlay AD.Noti C. Chem. Asian J. 2009, 4: 594 - 71
Evans DA.Hoveyda AH. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112: 6447 - 72
Paterson I.Channon JA. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33: 797 - 73
Roush WR.Grover PT. Tetrahedron 1992, 48: 1981 - 74
Sorg A.Siegel K.Brückner R. Chem. Eur. J. 2005, 11: 1610 - 75a
Lorenz M.Kalesse M. Tetrahedron Lett. 2007, 48: 2905Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 75b
Lorenz M.Kalesse M. Org. Lett. 2008, 10: 4371Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 76a
Evans DA.Clark JS.Metternich R.Novack VJ.Sheppard GS. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112: 866Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 76b
Evans DA.Ennis DM.Le T.Mandel N.Mandel G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106: 1154Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 77
Evans DA.Trenkle WC.Zhang J.Burch JD. Org. Lett. 2005, 7: 3335 - 78
Paterson I.Lister MA. Tetrahedron Lett. 1988, 29: 585 - 79
Andringa H.Heus-Kloos YA.Brandsma L.
J. Organomet. Chem. 1987, 336: C41 - 80
Lorenz M.Bluhm N.Kalesse M. Synthesis 2009, 3061