The year of improved tissue acquisition, randomized trials, and endoscopic ultrasound-guided therapy

Presentations at this year’s Digestive Disease Week (DWW; 7 – 10 May, 2011; Chicago, Illinois, USA) reflected a very active year for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). There were numerous abstracts on EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core biopsy to improve tissue acquisition, improve diagnostic accuracy, and indeed go beyond routine cytology and tissue diagnosis. EUS-guided therapy including drainage, anastomoses, injection of therapeutic agents, and ablation were other common themes with a lot of new information presented, much of which was obtained from randomized trials. This review discusses in detail some of the abstracts that followed a common theme. Additional interesting abstracts on this topic are listed at the end of the review.

• References

• 1 Madhoun M, Wani SB, Early DS et al. The diagnostic accuracy of 22- and 25- gauge needles in EUS–FNA of solid pancreatic lesions: a meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 154
• 2 Petrone MC, Bruno MJ, Giovannini M. Feasibility and accuracy of a new 19G EUS histology needle: a multicenter prospective study. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 176-177
• 3 Giovannini M, Monges GM, Iglesias-Garcia J et al. Prospective multicenter evaluation of a novel 22-G Echo-Tip Procore histology EUS-needle in patients with a solid pancreatic mass. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 152-153
• 4 Farrell JJ, Wong JL, Donahue TR et al. Development and validation of an EUS–FNA-based predictive marker of gemcitabine response in pancreatic cancer. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 249-250
• 5 Gheonea DI, Angelescu C, Ciurea T et al. Expression profile of vascular endothelial growth factor in human pancreatic cancer assessed by qRT-PCR in EUS-FNA samples. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 328
• 6 Urayama S. Development of endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspirate (EUS–FNA) derived pancreatic cancer cell lines from advanced stage cancers. Gastroenterology 2011; 140 (Suppl. 01) 1-678
• 7 Varadarajulu S, Wilcox M, Christein JD. Multiple transluminal gateway technique for EUS-guided drainage of walled off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN). Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 174-174
• 8 Artifon EL, Aparicio DP, Gupta K et al. A prospective trial of EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy versus percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in patients with unresectable distal biliary malignant obstruction. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 135-135
• 9 Jang J, Lee SS, Kim HJ et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided versus percutaneous gall bladder drainage in high risk patients with acute cholecystitis, who are unsuitable for early cholecystectomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 152-152
• 10 Varadarajulu S, Wilcox M, Christein JD. EUS-guided therapy for management of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) after distal pancreatectomy (DP): a definitive solution to a perennial problem?. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 174
• 11 Kwon YM, Gerdes H, Schattner MA et al. Management of peri-pancreatic fluid collections following non-Whipple pancreatic surgery: a comparison of percutaneous vs EUS-guided drainage. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 178-179
• 12 DeWitt JM, Al-Haddad MA, Sherman S et al. Endoscopic ultrasound guided pancreatic cyst ablation with ethanol and paclitaxel: will it also work in the Western hemisphere?. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 173
• 13 Levy MJ, Thompson GB, Topazian M et al. Ultrasound guided ethanol ablation of insulinomas: a new treatment option. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 137
• 14 Levy MJ, Alberts SR, Chari ST et al. EUS guided intra-tumoral gemcitabine therapy for locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 144-145
• 15 De Witt JM, Krishnamurthy S, Ardhanari R et al. Multicenter prospective randomized phase IIB study of endoscopic ultrasound guided intratumoral injection of OncoGelTM (RegelTM/Paclitaxel) as a component of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for local or loco-regional operable esophageal cancer – interim safety results. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 136
• 16 Stevens T, Costanzo A, Lopez R et al. A randomized, triple-blinded study of ultrasound guided celiac plexus blocked (EUS-CPB) with bupivacaine and triamcinolone vs. bupivicaine alone for treatment of painful chronic pancreatitis (CP). Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 153
• 17 Sakamoto H, Kitano M, Kamata K et al. EUS-guided broad plexus-neurolysis over the superior mesenteric artery. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 168
• 18 Merrill JT, Schneeberger B, Oh Y et al. Endoscopic ultrasound guided botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of colon outlet obstruction with hypertensive internal anal sphincter. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 183
• 19 Hwang JH, Farr N, Morrison K et al. Development of an EUS-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound endoscope. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 155
• 20 Waxman I, Aslanian HR, Konda VJ et al. First assessment of needle based confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE) during EUS–FNA procedures of the pancreas. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 162

• Additional References

• EUS-guided therapy

• 21 Attam R, Leslie D, Freeman ML et al. Endoscopic ultrasound assisted gastrostomy tube placement in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a novel technique for access to the gastric remnant. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 145
• 22 Bertroli JA, Abadia MA, Peracaula MM et al. Preliminary experience with EUS guided treatment of acute gastric varices bleeding using a forward viewing Echoendoscope. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 179
• 23 Binmoeller KF, Shah JN. EUS guided transgastric intrahepatic portosystemic shunt using the AXIOS stent. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 167
• 24 Binmoeller KF, Weilert F, Marson F et al. EUS guided transluminal drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts using the Navix access device and two plastic stents: Initial clinical experience. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 331
• 25 Binmoeller KF. A novel, anchor guidewire to facilitate EUS-guided transluminal interventions. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 249
• 26 Binmoeller KF. EUS guided gastrojejunostomy using novel tools designed for transluminal therapy. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 167
• 27 Chang KJ. EUS guided choledo-duodenostomy (ECD) for immediate and long-term treatment of biliary obstruction using prototype compression coil and twin-headed needle. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 326
• 28 Dhir V, Mathew P, Bapat M et al. EUS guided single step complete aspiration of peripancreatic fluid collections and pseudocysts following acute pancreatitis: a pilot study. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 260
• 29 Gupta K, Perez-miranda M, Kahaleh M et al. EUS guided bile duct access and drainage (EUS-BD), evolution of a novel technique: a multi-center experience. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 175-175
• 30 Jang J, Lee SS, Kim HJ et al. The feasibility and safety of EUS-guided cholecystoenterostomy with single-step placement of a modified covered self-expandable metal stent for patients who are unsuitable for cholecystectomy. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 246
• 31 Kim HJ, Seo DW, Kim SH et al. EU- guided radiofrequency ablation of porcine pancreas. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 144
• 32 Kitano M, Imai H, Kamata K et al. EUS-guided gallbladder drainage as an alternative treatment for malignant biliary obstruction after unsuccessful ERCP: outcomes of long term follow-up. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 249
• 33 Patel MM, Goodman KA, Huguet F et al. Impact of EUS-guided placement of gold coil fiducials in the management of patients with GE junction cancers undergoing image-guided radiation therapy. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 170
• 34 Puri R, Mishra SR, Sud R et al. Outcome and complications of EUS guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage utilizing combined endoprosthesis and naso-cystic drain. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 181
• 35 Seicean A, Gulei I, Stan-Iuga R et al. The pain alleviation using endoscopic ultrasound guided celiac plexus neurolysis in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. Gastroenterology 2011; 140 (Suppl. 01) 1-203
• 36 Vadlamudi RS, Conway J, Mishra G et al. A novel method for performing high volume EUS guided aspiration of pancreatic pseudocysts. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 248-249
• 37 Varadarajulu S, Shami VM, Ramanath M et al. EUS-guided transmural drainage of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs): multicenter data on frequency of complications in 294 consecutive patients. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 173-174
• 38 Will U, Mueller A, Kern C et al. Differential treatment of biliary obstructions with the alternative EUS-guided translumenal cholangiodrainage (EUCD) in case of impossible ERC – representative case series (N = 52). Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 257
• 39 Will U, Mueller A, Kern C et al. EUS-guided transluminal drainage of the pancreatic duct (EUPD) – preliminary results of an ongoing systematic prospective observational study reflecting daily clinical practice. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 248

• Pancreaticobiliary imaging

• 40 Anderson MA, Sheth NM, Scheiman J. Elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) levels are highly specific for malignancy in patients referred for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with suspected pancreatic cancer but without a tissue diagnosis. Gastroenterology 2011; 140 (Suppl. 01) 1-714
• 41 Aniwan S, Kongkam P, Ridtitid W et al. Predicting factors of pancreatic lesions missed by CT but diagnosed by EUS. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 251-252
• 42 Babich JP, Grendell JH, Stavropoulos SN. Same session, single-operator EUS-assisted cholangiopancreaticography (EUSCP) after failed ERCP: expanded experience. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 263
• 43 Benjaminov F, Leichtman J, Konikoff FM. The effects of age and choloecystectomy on common bile duct diameter. A myth comes true-as measured by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). Gastroenterology 2011; 140 (Suppl. 01) 1-749
• 44 Boutros C, Genova E, Somasundar P et al. Does routine endoscopic ultrasound alter surgical management of patients with pancreatic cystic lesions? A retrospective analysis of 93 consecutive patients. . Gastroenterology 2011; 140 (Suppl. 01) 1-1019
• 45 Carriere VJ, Shokoohi S, Conway J et al. Which patients with dilated common bile and/or pancreatic ducts have positive findings on EUS?. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 341
• 46 Fritscher-Ravens A, Topalidis T, Burmester E. High quality ultrasound allows incidental EUS findings of very small neuroendocrine tumors not seen on CT/MRI Scanning. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 257-258
• 47 Hashimoto Y, Shah JN, Weilert F et al. Feasibility and safety of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided cystpancreatography in pancreatic cystic lesions. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 252
• 48 Iwashita T, Lee JG, Shinoura S et al. EUS guided rendezvous technique for biliary access after failed cannulation. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 182
• 49 Kamata K, Kitano M, Kudo M et al. Role of EUS in detection and follow-up of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and concomitant invasive carcinomas. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 325
• 50 Kishimoto Y, Igarashi Y. Endosonographic diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous pancreatic neoplasm (IPMN) of pancreas by EUS and IDUS – single center prospective study. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 254-255 Su 1401
• 51 Kumar N, Sahni VA, Thompson CC. Comparison of CT and EUS to differentiate pseudocysts from walled-off pancreatic necrosis. Gastroenterology 2011; 140 (Suppl. 01) 1-761
• 52 Kushnir VM, Wani SB, Hovis CE et al. EUS is superior to CT and MRCP in the diagnosis of pancreas divisum. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 339
• 53 Lankarani A, Dhawan MK. Detection of metastasis during staging EUS in patients with pancreaticobiliary cancer. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 340
• 54 Lee SL, Cho JH, Kim YJ. New EUS variable of geographic hyperechoic area is a worse prognostic factor for severity in acute pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 334-335
• 55 Makipour K, Singh M, Vegesna AK et al. EUS should be performed prior to ERCP in patients with gallstone pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 271-272
• 56 Marson F, Binmoeller KF, Weilert F et al. Single-operator, single-session EUS-guided anterograde cholangiopancreaticography (EACP): four-year experience with a prospective protocol at a tertiary pancreaticobiliary referral center. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 135-136
• 57 Mirbagheri SA, Haris HM, Hashemipour SV et al. The role of EUS in the diagnosis of gallbladder sludge in refractory PSC: could therapeutic ERCP and laparoscopic cholecystectomy be helpful? A single center report.. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 259
• 58 Okabe Y, Kaji R, Ishida Y. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) findings of the pancreatic parenchyma in autoimmune pancreatitis, including changes before and after steroid therapy. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 332
• 59 Palazzo M, Palazzo L, Aubert A et al. Ductitis at endoscopic ultrasonography has high diagnosis value in autoimmune pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2011; 140 (Suppl. 01) 1-545
• 60 Patel KK, Shah B, Amin S. Measuring EUS skill development among GI fellows with a novel assessment tool. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 178
• 61 Tan HK, Ling K, Mesenas S. Role of EUS in the diagnosis and management of indeterminate pancreatic cysts. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 258-259
• 62 Vila JJ, Vazquez-sequeiros E, Millan AP et al. Initial experience with EUS-guided cholangiopancreatography (ESCP): a Spanish national survey. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 333-334
• 63 Weilert F, Binmoeller KF, Marson F et al. EUS-guided anterograde treatment of biliary stones following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 344
• 64 Zaheer A, Anwar MM, Donohoe CL et al. EUS significantly reduces the burden of ERCP and accurately predicts CBD stones in patients with suspected biliary obstruction: consecutive analysis of 418 patients. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 328-329
• 65 Zhong N, Topazian M, Canto MI et al. Specific EUS imaging criteria distinguish mucus from mural nodules in pancreatic cystic neoplasms. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 245

• EUS and tumor staging

• 66 Cho CM, DeWitt JM, LeBlanc JK et al. Prospective evaluation of the performance and interobserver variation (IOV) in endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) staging of rectal cancer. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 129
• 67 Fernández-Sordo JO, Konda VJ, Chennat JS et al. Does endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) have a role in the pre-therapeutic algorithm of Barrett’s neoplasia? Correlation between EUS findings and final staging by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR).. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 167
• 68 Kapoor S, Greenwald BD. Esophagial cancer staging: value of tharacoscopy and laparoscopy after EUS. Gastroenterology 2011; 140 (Suppl. 01) 1-672
• 69 Lakhtakia S, Wee E, Gupta R et al. Diagnostic accuracy and strength of agreement between EUS and histopathology in the staging of ampullary tumor. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 335
• 70 Loeser CS, Romagnuolo J, Hawes RH et al. EUS compared with CT for restaging of pancreatic cancer after neoadjuvant therapy. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 252-253
• 71 Panossian AM, Crespo SM, Melo SWD et al. Does EUS have a role in the evaluation of Barrett’s high grade dysplasia before endoscopic treatment?. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 169
• 72 Wani SB, Edmundowicz SA, Abrams JA et al. Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in staging early neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus (BE): results from a large multicenter cohort study. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 166-167
• 73 Wani SB, Kushnir VM, Gaddam S et al. Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in T-staging of ampullary tumors: a meta analysis and systematic review. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 387
• 74 Wani SB, Kushnir VM, John H et al. Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for staging ampullary tumors: implications for endoscopic resection. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 324
• 75 Zoonen MV, Hillegersberg RV, Leeuwen MV et al. Low impact of staging EUS for determining surgical respectability of esophageal cancer. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 172

• EUS and chronic pancreatitis

• 76 Bahuva R, Kapural L, Walsh M et al. The severity of structural abnormalities on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) does not correlate with visceral pain in chronic pancreatitis (CP). Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 243-244
• 77 Ikeda T, Irisawa A, Hikichi T et al. The evaluation of Rosemont Classification for EUS diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis; comparative study between the Rosemont classification and the traditional criteria. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 260
• 78 Irisawa A, Takagi T, Ikeda T et al. A new EUS imaging diagnosis for pancreatic cancer: a pilot study of differential diagnosis between chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer based on the quantitative analysis with new technology using raw image. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 144
• 79 Leblanc JK, Chen J, Dewitt JM et al. EUS and histopathology features in chronic pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 329-330
• 80 Petrone MC, Mariani A, Paolo G et al. Repeated EUSs for diagnosing chronic pancreatitis with idiopathic acute recurrent pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 260
• 81 Spinn MP, Davila RE. Pancreatic parenchymal and ductal abnormalities identified by endoscopic ultasound in a veteran population. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 258
• 82 Vega-peralta J, Attam R, Mustafa A. Correlation of EUS with histopathology in 50 patients undergoing total pancreatectomy (TP) with islet autotransplantation (IAT) for minimal change chronic pancreatitis (MCCP). Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 324

• EUS and elastography

• 83 Borgulya M, Gunter E, Ell C et al. Can EUS elastography improve lymph node staging in esophageal cancer? Results of a prospective study from a tertiary referral center. . Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 170
• 84 Iglesias-Garcia J, Larino-Noia J, Dominguez-Munoz E. What is the best method to quantify tissue stiffness by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) elastography: strain ratio or hue histogram analysis?. Gastroenterology 2011; 140 (Suppl. 01) 1-764
• 85 Surapaneni SN, Maloy M, Linsteadt J et al. Does real time endoscopic ultrasound elastography (EUS-E) predict pancreatic cancer?. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 328

• EUS and confocal andomicroscopy

• 86 Giovannini M, Monges GM, Caillol F et al. Feasibility of intra-tumoral confocal microscopy under EUS guidance (EUS-CM). Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 325
• 87 Shinoura S, Iwashita T, Chang KJ. EUS-guided needle-based confocal laser induced endomicroscopy (nCLE): a correlation study of “through the needle” imaging with normal histology in a porcine model. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 325-326

• EUS and contrast agents

• 88 Chiesara F, Baccini F, Merola E et al. Contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) and quantitative perfusion analysis in the assessment of neuroendocrine liver metastases. Gastroenterology 2011; 140 (Suppl. 01) 1-875
• 89 Gincul R, Palazzo L, Pujol B et al. Contast-enhanced harmonic ultrasound (CEH-EUS) in diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (ADK): results of the first multicenter prospective study with intra- and inter-observer concordances evaluation. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 128
• 90 Ikeda T, Irisawa A, Hikichi T et al. Contrast enhanced EUS using Sonazoid( for diagnosis of early chronic pancreatitis: a pilot study. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 246
• 91 Kamata K, Kitano M, Kudo M et al. Dynamic imaging of gallbladder diseases by contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 325
• 92 Matsubara H, Hirooka Y, Itoh A et al. Differential diagnosis of pancreatic disease by time-intensity curve of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 333
• 93 Matsui S, Kudo M, Okada M et al. Evaluation of the response to chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer by contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 171
• 94 Sakamoto H, Kitano M, Kamata K et al. Contrast enhanced harmonic EUS imaging of submucosal tumor of gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 168-169
• 95 Sparchez Z, Radu P, Tantau M et al. Role of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEEUS) cholangiography in percutaneous biliary drainage. Gastroenterology 2011; 140 (Suppl. 01) 1-596

• EUS and inflammatory bowel disease

• 96 Fritscher-Ravens A, Ellrichmann M, Nikolaus S et al. Endoscopic ultrasound of the colon for the differentiation of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis in comparison to healthy controls – a prospective, blinded, comparative study. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 128
• 97 Ellrichmann M, Wietzke-Braun P, Wintermeyer L et al. Endoscopic ultrasound of the sigmoid colon for the differentiation of Crohn’s disease from unspecific infectious colitis and healthy controls – A prospective, blinded, comparative study. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 128
• 98 Lemmens B, Arijis I, Assche V et al. Correlation between the endoscopic and histological score in assessing the activity of ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2011; 140 (Suppl. 01) 421-422

• EUS in pediatric population

• 99 Ardengh JC, Kemp R, Modena JL et al. Clinical impact of EUS in the evaluation of pancreaticobiliary disorders in children – a prospective assessment. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 221-222
• 100 Bocus P, Eloubeidi MA, Realdon S. High frequency miniprobes and three dimensional EUS for preoperative evaluation of the etiology of congenital esophageal stenosis in children. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 119

• Miscellanoeous/ other

• 101 Fusaroli P, Kypreos D, Caletti GG. Levels of evidence in endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS): a survey of the literature. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 129
• 102 Gruionu LG, Saftoiu A, Iordache AL et al. Feasibility study of tridimensional co-registration of endoscopic ultrasound and dynamic spiral computer tomography procedures for real-time evaluation of tumor angiogenesis. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 370
• 103 Kikuchi D, Iizuka T, Furuhata T et al. Prospective study about the utility of EUS in the prediction of safety of gastric ESD. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 417
• 104 Lachter J, Madrigal E, Chennat JS et al. Current controversies in EUS: what we’re doing and setting research agendas. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 183
• 105 Maheshwari S, Raijiman I, Vela SA et al. Trends in endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration in an academic setting. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 184
• 106 Nguyen VX, Nguyen CC, Das A et al. Feasibility and safety of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) performed in a free-standing ambulatory endoscopy center (AEC) with conscious sedation – a 15-year experience. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 332-333
• 107 Nguyen VX, Sachdev MS, Das A. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in ambulatory endoscopy center (AEC) – a sound business strategy?. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 391
• 108 Puri R, Jain KJ, Mishra SR et al. Pancreatic tuberculosis diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 181
• 109 Rana SS, Bhasin DK, Singh K. Role of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in management of benign esophageal strictures. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 171
• 110 Rockacy MJ, Zahid M, McGrath k. Long term follow-up and outcome of patients with pancreatic cysts following cyst EUS-FNA and DNA analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 153
• 111 Sofi A, Rafiq E, Youssef W et al. Expectations from a new EUS services at university hospital. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 427
• 112 Tarantino I, Fabbri C, Mitri RD. Prospective multicenter study of interventional endoscopic ultrasound (IEUS) complications. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 179