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DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1298954
Präklinische palliative Notfälle – Besonderheiten bei der therapeutischen Entscheidung[1]
Outpatient Palliative Emergencies – Special Features Concerning Therapeutically DecisionsPublication History
Publication Date:
19 March 2012 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Seit einigen Jahren findet in Deutschland eine Änderung der Indikationen für Notarzteinsätze statt. Aus diesem Grund lässt sich die ursprüngliche Intention des organisierten Rettungswesens in Deutschland, primär Verkehrsunfallpatienten zu versorgen, nicht mehr alleine aufrechterhalten. Vielmehr werden überwiegend Patienten mit internistisch / neurologischen Krankheiten notfallmedizinisch betreut. Die demografische Veränderung der Bevölkerungsstruktur wird in Zukunft zu einer vermehrten notfallmedizinischen Inanspruchnahme durch ältere und z. T. multimorbide Patienten führen. Durch den gesetzlichen Anspruch und den erfreulichen Ausbau der ambulanten Palliativversorgung werden zunehmend Patienten mit inkurablen Erkrankungen bis zum Lebensende in häuslicher Umgebung betreut (gemäß §§ 37b und 132d SGB V). Aus diesem Grund werden auch Notärzte öfter mit Palliativpatienten und Patienten am Lebensende konfrontiert (aktuell ca. 3 % aller Notarzteinsätze in Deutschland). Im Folgenden sollen daher aus notfallmedizinischer Sicht die sog. „palliativen Notfälle“ (Definition: Notfallsituationen bei Patienten mit inkurablen Erkrankungen im palliativen Krankheitsstadium), deren mögliche Besonderheiten sowie notfallmedizinische therapeutische Entscheidungsfindungen dargestellt, erläutert und diskutiert werden.
Abstract
In Germany, the scope of different emergency situations for emergency medical services has changed over the last years. The original intention of the German emergency medicine system was to treat patients injured in traffic accidents. This has switched to a care of patients with mostly medical and / or neurological problems. The demographic change in the population has led to an increased number of elderly and multimorbidly patients. Additionally the home-care of patients with incurable diseases is gaining in importance. Since 2007 patients can demand a palliative-care support at home by German law. These patients are likely to get in contact with prehospital emergency physicians during their illness (3 % of all prehospital emergency physician patient contacts are with palliative patients). In this article, the so-called „palliative emergencies“ (defined as emergency situations in patients with an incurable disease in a palliative stage) with their special features along with emergency treatment will be explained and discussed.
1 mod. Version der Erstpublikation in: Der Notarzt 2011; 27: 223–236
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Christoph H. R. Wiese
Klinik für Anästhesiologie
Universitätsklinikum Regensburg
Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11
93053 Regensburg
Email: christoph.wiese@klinik.uni-regensburg.de