Training sozialer Fertigkeiten bei schweren psychischen Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung

Anliegen: Differenzierte Darstellung verschiedener Ansätze des Trainings sozialer Fertigkeiten und Beurteilung von Wirksamkeit und Wirkfaktoren bei Menschen mit schweren psychischen Störungen.

Methode: Systematische Literaturrecherche nach systematischen Reviews und randomisierten Studien (RCTs) in elektronischen Datenbanken und Bewertung der Evidenz.

Ergebnisse: Das Spektrum an Trainingsansätzen ist breit. Neben einem Basistraining und spezifischen Problemlöseansätzen finden sich modular aufgebaute komplexe Trainingsprogramme und kombinierte Ansätze, die gleichzeitig allgemein-kognitive und berufsspezifische Fertigkeiten stärken. Nahezu übergreifend zeigen sich Vorteile hinsichtlich verbesserter sozialer Fertigkeiten.

Schlussfolgerungen: Ein Training sozialer Fertigkeiten sollte als gezielte Behandlung unter Berücksichtigung der individuellen Bedürfnisse und Beeinträchtigungen der Patienten und eingebettet in ein Gesamtbehandlungskonzept, d. h. in Kombination mit anderen wichtigen Behandlungsbausteinen, einschließlich einer Psychopharmakotherapie, gestaltet werden. Ein besonderer Fokus sollte auf der Verallgemeinerung in den Alltag liegen.

Abstract

Objective: To report about several approaches of social skills training and to evaluate the efficacy and key success factors in severely mentally ill adults.

Methods: Systematic electronic literature search for systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and assessment of the evidence.

Results: A variety of models for skills training have been designed and evaluated. In addition to the “basic” model and a “problem-solving” model of training there are complex programs consisting of several modules and specific approaches aimed to improve cognitive functioning or job related skills. Across all approaches, social skills training shows advantages in terms of raised social competence.

Conclusions: Social skills training should be offered as a targeted treatment taking into account individual patient characteristics, impairments and needs. It is essential to deliver skills training within a comprehensive care concept combined with other elements focusing on generalization into the community setting.

Schlüsselwörter

schwere psychische Störungen - Training sozialer Fertigkeiten - psychosoziale Interventionen - Wirksamkeit - Evidenz

Keywords

severe mental illness - social skills training - psychosocial treatment - efficacy - evidence

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