Subscribe to RSS
Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00000071.xml
Download PDF
Semin Neurol 2014; 34(04): 425-436
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1390391
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1390391
Neurologic Complications of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Sjögren Syndrome, and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Further Information
Publication History
Publication Date:
04 November 2014 (online)
Abstract
Neurologic complications are frequent and often morbid in systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis. Although all are systemic inflammatory syndromes, each disease affects the nervous system distinctly, such as peripheral neuropathy in Sjögren syndrome, cerebrovascular disease in lupus, and cervical spine subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis. Some neurologic complications share convergent pathophysiology across diseases, such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in both Sjögren syndrome and lupus. Ill-defined cognitive complaints are especially common in lupus and Sjögren syndrome. For the majority of the complications, evidence for treatment efficacy is limited and requires further investigation.
-
References
- 1 D'Cruz DP, Khamashta MA, Hughes GRV. Systemic lupus erythematosus. Lancet 2007; 369 (9561) 587-596
- 2 Smith EL, Shmerling RH. The American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus: strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for improvement. Lupus 1999; 8 (8) 586-595
- 3 Hochberg MC. Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40 (9) 1725
- 4 Cozzani E, Drosera M, Gasparini G, Parodi A. Serology of lupus erythematosus: correlation between immunopathological features and clinical aspects. Autoimmune Dis 2014; 2014: 321359
- 5 The American College of Rheumatology nomenclature and case definitions for neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42 (4) 599-608
- 6 Johnson RT, Richardson EP. The neurological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. Medicine (Baltimore) 1968; 47 (4) 337-369
- 7 Devinsky O, Petito CK, Alonso DR. Clinical and neuropathological findings in systemic lupus erythematosus: the role of vasculitis, heart emboli, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Ann Neurol 1988; 23 (4) 380-384
- 8 Chaves CJ. Stroke in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med 2004; 6 (3) 223-229
- 9 DeGiorgio LA, Konstantinov KN, Lee SC, Hardin JA, Volpe BT, Diamond B. A subset of lupus anti-DNA antibodies cross-reacts with the NR2 glutamate receptor in systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Med 2001; 7 (11) 1189-1193
- 10 Dalmau J, Gleichman AJ, Hughes EG , et al. Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7 (12) 1091-1098
- 11 Karassa FB, Afeltra A, Ambrozic A , et al. Accuracy of anti-ribosomal P protein antibody testing for the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: an international meta-analysis. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54 (1) 312-324
- 12 Hanly JG. Diagnosis and management of neuropsychiatric SLE. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2014; 10 (6) 338-347
- 13 Unterman A, Nolte JES, Boaz M, Abady M, Shoenfeld Y, Zandman-Goddard G. Neuropsychiatric syndromes in systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2011; 41 (1) 1-11
- 14 Hanly JG, Urowitz MB, Sanchez-Guerrero J , et al; Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics. Neuropsychiatric events at the time of diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus: an international inception cohort study. Arthritis Rheum 2007; 56 (1) 265-273
- 15 Mok CC, To CH, Mak A. Neuropsychiatric damage in Southern Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Medicine (Baltimore) 2006; 85 (4) 221-228
- 16 Mitsikostas DD, Sfikakis PP, Goadsby PJ. A meta-analysis for headache in systemic lupus erythematosus: the evidence and the myth. Brain 2004; 127 (Pt 5) 1200-1209
- 17 Palagini L, Mosca M, Tani C, Gemignani A, Mauri M, Bombardieri S. Depression and systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review. Lupus 2013; 22 (5) 409-416
- 18 Bachen EA, Chesney MA, Criswell LA. Prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in women
with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2009; 61 (6) 822-829
MissingFormLabel
- 19 Pego-Reigosa JM, Isenberg DA. Psychosis due to systemic lupus erythematosus: characteristics and long-term outcome of this rare manifestation of the disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008; 47 (10) 1498-1502
- 20 Appenzeller S, Cendes F, Costallat LTL. Acute psychosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int 2008; 28 (3) 237-243
- 21 Ainiala H, Loukkola J, Peltola J, Korpela M, Hietaharju A. The prevalence of neuropsychiatric syndromes in systemic lupus erythematosus. Neurology 2001; 57 (3) 496-500
- 22 Brey RL, Holliday SL, Saklad AR , et al. Neuropsychiatric syndromes in lupus: prevalence using standardized definitions. Neurology 2002; 58 (8) 1214-1220
- 23 Peretti C-S, Peretti CR, Kozora E, Papathanassiou D, Chouinard V-A, Chouinard G. Cognitive impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus women with elevated autoantibodies and normal single photon emission computerized tomography. Psychother Psychosom 2012; 81 (5) 276-285
- 24 Olazarán J, López-Longo J, Cruz I, Bittini A, Carreño L. Cognitive dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalence and correlates. Eur Neurol 2009; 62 (1) 49-55
- 25 Conti F, Alessandri C, Perricone C , et al. Neurocognitive dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with antiphospholipid antibodies, disease activity and chronic damage. PLoS ONE 2012; 7 (3) e33824
- 26 Kowal C, Degiorgio LA, Lee JY , et al. Human lupus autoantibodies against NMDA receptors mediate cognitive impairment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103 (52) 19854-19859
- 27 Devinsky O, Schein A, Najjar S. Epilepsy associated with systemic autoimmune disorders. Epilepsy Curr 2013; 13 (2) 62-68
- 28 Appenzeller S, Cendes F, Costallat LTL. Epileptic seizures in systemic lupus erythematosus. Neurology 2004; 63 (10) 1808-1812
- 29 Andrade RM, Alarcón GS, González LA , et al; LUMINA Study Group. Seizures in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: data from LUMINA, a multiethnic cohort (LUMINA LIV). Ann Rheum Dis 2008; 67 (6) 829-834
- 30 Mikdashi J, Krumholz A, Handwerger B. Factors at diagnosis predict subsequent occurrence of seizures in systemic lupus erythematosus. Neurology 2005; 64 (12) 2102-2107
- 31 Bertsias GK, Ioannidis JPA, Aringer M , et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus with neuropsychiatric manifestations: report of a task force of the EULAR standing committee for clinical affairs. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69 (12) 2074-2082
- 32 Timlin H, Petri M. Transient ischemic attack and stroke in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2013; 22 (12) 1251-1258
- 33 Giannakopoulos B, Krilis SA. The pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome. N Engl J Med 2013; 368 (11) 1033-1044
- 34 Wahl DG, Bounameaux H, de Moerloose P, Sarasin FP. Prophylactic antithrombotic therapy for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with or without antiphospholipid antibodies: do the benefits outweigh the risks? A decision analysis. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160 (13) 2042-2048
- 35 Kaichi Y, Kakeda S, Moriya J , et al. Brain MR findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35 (1) 100-105
- 36 Crowther MA, Ginsberg JS, Julian J , et al. A comparison of two intensities of warfarin for the prevention of recurrent thrombosis in patients with the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. N Engl J Med 2003; 349 (12) 1133-1138
- 37 Magro Checa C, Cohen D, Bollen ELEM, van Buchem MA, Huizinga TWJ, Steup-Beekman GM. Demyelinating disease in SLE: is it multiple sclerosis or lupus?. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2013; 27 (3) 405-424
- 38 Bertsias GK, Boumpas DT. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of neuropsychiatric SLE manifestations. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010; 6 (6) 358-367
- 39 Birnbaum J, Petri M, Thompson R, Izbudak I, Kerr D. Distinct subtypes of myelitis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2009; 60 (11) 3378-3387
- 40 Florica B, Aghdassi E, Su J, Gladman DD, Urowitz MB, Fortin PR. Peripheral neuropathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2011; 41 (2) 203-211
- 41 Oomatia A, Fang H, Petri M, Birnbaum J. Peripheral neuropathies in systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical features, disease associations, and immunologic characteristics evaluated over a twenty-five-year study period. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66 (4) 1000-1009
- 42 Vitali C, Bombardieri S, Jonsson R , et al; European Study Group on Classification
Criteria for Sjögren's Syndrome. Classification criteria for Sjögren's syndrome: a
revised version of the European criteria proposed by the American-European Consensus
Group. Ann Rheum Dis 2002; 61 (6) 554-558
MissingFormLabel
- 43 Attwood W, Poser CM. Neurologic complications of Sjogren's syndrome. Neurology 1961; 11: 1034-1041
- 44 Voulgarelis M, Tzioufas AG. Pathogenetic mechanisms in the initiation and perpetuation of Sjögren's syndrome. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010; 6 (9) 529-537
- 45 Alamanos Y, Tsifetaki N, Voulgari PV, Venetsanopoulou AI, Siozos C, Drosos AA. Epidemiology of primary Sjögren's syndrome in north-west Greece, 1982-2003. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006; 45 (2) 187-191
- 46 Saito I, Servenius B, Compton T, Fox RI. Detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA by polymerase chain reaction in blood and tissue biopsies from patients with Sjogren's syndrome. J Exp Med 1989; 169 (6) 2191-2198
- 47 Salomonsson S, Jonsson MV, Skarstein K , et al. Cellular basis of ectopic germinal center formation and autoantibody production in the target organ of patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 2003; 48 (11) 3187-3201
- 48 Jonsson MV, Skarstein K, Jonsson R, Brun JG. Serological implications of germinal center-like structures in primary Sjögren's syndrome. J Rheumatol 2007; 34 (10) 2044-2049
- 49 Ramos-Casals M, Solans R, Rosas J , et al; GEMESS Study Group. Primary Sjögren syndrome in Spain: clinical and immunologic expression in 1010 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2008; 87 (4) 210-219
- 50 Kassan SS, Moutsopoulos HM. Clinical manifestations and early diagnosis of Sjögren syndrome. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164 (12) 1275-1284
- 51 Morreale M, Marchione P, Giacomini P , et al. Neurological involvement in primary Sjögren syndrome: a focus on central nervous system. PLoS ONE 2014; 9 (1) e84605
- 52 Segal B, Carpenter A, Walk D. Involvement of nervous system pathways in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2008; 34 (4) 885-906 , viii
- 53 Valtýsdóttir ST, Gudbjörnsson B, Lindqvist U, Hällgren R, Hetta J. Anxiety and depression in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. J Rheumatol 2000; 27 (1) 165-169
- 54 Valtýsdóttir ST, Gudbjörnsson B, Hällgren R, Hetta J. Psychological well-being in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2000; 18 (5) 597-600
- 55 Morgen K, McFarland HF, Pillemer SR. Central nervous system disease in primary Sjogrens syndrome: the role of magnetic resonance imaging. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2004; 34 (3) 623-630
- 56 Tzarouchi LC, Zikou AK, Tsifetaki N , et al. White matter water diffusion changes in primary Sjögren syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35 (4) 680-685
- 57 Min JH, Kim HJ, Kim BJ , et al. Brain abnormalities in Sjogren syndrome with recurrent CNS manifestations: association with neuromyelitis optica. Mult Scler 2009; 15 (9) 1069-1076
- 58 Sassi SB, Nabli F, Boubaker A, Ghorbel IB, Neji S, Hentati F. Pseudotumoral brain lesion as the presenting feature of primary Sjögren's syndrome. J Neurol Sci 2014; 339 (1-2) 214-216
- 59 Sanahuja J, Ordoñez-Palau S, Begué R, Brieva L, Boquet D. Primary Sjögren syndrome with tumefactive central nervous system involvement. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29 (10) 1878-1879
- 60 Michel L, Toulgoat F, Desal H , et al. Atypical neurologic complications in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: report of 4 cases. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2011; 40 (4) 338-342
- 61 Alexander EL, Alexander GE. Aseptic meningoencephalitis in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Neurology 1983; 33 (5) 593-598
- 62 Hirohata M, Yasukawa Y, Ishida C, Komai K, Yamada M. Reversible cortical lesions in primary Sjögren's syndrome presenting with meningoencephalitis as an initial manifestation. J Neurol Sci 2005; 232 (1-2) 111-113
- 63 Alexander EL, Ranzenbach MR, Kumar AJ , et al. Anti-Ro(SS-A) autoantibodies in central nervous system disease associated with Sjögren's syndrome (CNS-SS): clinical, neuroimaging, and angiographic correlates. Neurology 1994; 44 (5) 899-908
- 64 Josephs KA, Rubino FA, Dickson DW. Nonvasculitic autoimmune inflammatory meningoencephalitis. Neuropathology 2004; 24 (2) 149-152
- 65 Sá MJ. Acute transverse myelitis: a practical reappraisal. Autoimmun Rev 2009; 9 (2) 128-131
- 66 Kahlenberg JM. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder as an initial presentation of primary Sjögren's syndrome. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2011; 40 (4) 343-348
- 67 Berkowitz AL, Samuels MA. The neurology of Sjogren's syndrome and the rheumatology of peripheral neuropathy and myelitis. Pract Neurol 2014; 14 (1) 14-22
- 68 Pavlakis PP, Alexopoulos H, Kosmidis ML , et al. Peripheral neuropathies in Sjögren's syndrome: a critical update on clinical features and pathogenetic mechanisms. J Autoimmun 2012; 39 (1-2) 27-33
- 69 Mori K, Iijima M, Koike H , et al. The wide spectrum of clinical manifestations in Sjögren's syndrome-associated neuropathy. Brain 2005; 128 (Pt 11) 2518-2534
- 70 Delalande S, de Seze J, Fauchais A-L , et al. Neurologic manifestations in primary Sjögren syndrome: a study of 82 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2004; 83 (5) 280-291
- 71 Grant IA, Hunder GG, Homburger HA, Dyck PJ. Peripheral neuropathy associated with sicca complex. Neurology 1997; 48 (4) 855-862
- 72 Chai J, Herrmann DN, Stanton M, Barbano RL, Logigian EL. Painful small-fiber neuropathy in Sjogren syndrome. Neurology 2005; 65 (6) 925-927
- 73 Chai J, Logigian EL. Neurological manifestations of primary Sjogren's syndrome. Curr Opin Neurol 2010; 23 (5) 509-513
- 74 Chen WH, Yeh JH, Chiu HC. Plasmapheresis in the treatment of ataxic sensory neuropathy associated with Sjögren's syndrome. Eur Neurol 2001; 45 (4) 270-274
- 75 Gorson KC, Natarajan N, Ropper AH, Weinstein R. Rituximab treatment in patients with IVIg-dependent immune polyneuropathy: a prospective pilot trial. Muscle Nerve 2007; 35 (1) 66-69
- 76 Caroyer J-M, Manto MU, Steinfeld SD. Severe sensory neuronopathy responsive to infliximab in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Neurology 2002; 59 (7) 1113-1114
- 77 Scott DL, Wolfe F, Huizinga TWJ. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 2010; 376 (9746) 1094-1108
- 78 Choy EH, Panayi GS. Cytokine pathways and joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 2001; 344 (12) 907-916
- 79 Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ , et al. 2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69 (9) 1580-1588
- 80 Nishimura K, Sugiyama D, Kogata Y , et al. Meta-analysis: diagnostic accuracy of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and rheumatoid factor for rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146 (11) 797-808
- 81 Whiting PF, Smidt N, Sterne JAC , et al. Systematic review: accuracy of anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Intern Med 2010; 152 (7) 456-464 , W155-66
- 82 Arnett FC, Edworthy SM, Bloch DA , et al. The American Rheumatism Association 1987
revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1988;
31 (3) 315-324
MissingFormLabel
- 83 Bourgeois P, Rivest J, Bocti C. Rheumatoid meningitis presenting with stroke-like episodes. Neurology 2014; 82 (17) 1564-1565
- 84 Yuh WT, Drew JM, Rizzo M, Ryals TJ, Sato Y, Bell WE. Evaluation of pachymeningitis by contrast-enhanced MR imaging in a patient with rheumatoid disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1990; 11 (6) 1247-1248
- 85 Bathon JM, Moreland LW, DiBartolomeo AG. Inflammatory central nervous system involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1989; 18 (4) 258-266
- 86 Kato T, Hoshi K, Sekijima Y , et al. Rheumatoid meningitis: an autopsy report and review of the literature. Clin Rheumatol 2003; 22 (6) 475-480
- 87 Ramos M, Mandybur TI. Cerebral vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Neurol 1975; 32 (4) 271-275
- 88 Ando Y, Kai S, Uyama E , et al. Involvement of the central nervous system in rheumatoid arthritis: its clinical manifestations and analysis by magnetic resonance imaging. Intern Med 1995; 34 (3) 188-191
- 89 Guadalupe Loya-de la Cerda D, Avilés-Solís JC, Delgado-Montemayor MJ, Camara-Lemarroy CR, Galarza-Delgado DÁ. Isolated rheumatoid arthritis-associated cerebral vasculitis: a diagnostic challenge. Joint Bone Spine 2013; 80 (1) 88-90
- 90 Singleton JD, West SG, Reddy VV, Rak KM. Cerebral vasculitis complicating rheumatoid arthritis. South Med J 1995; 88 (4) 470-474
- 91 Mrabet D, Meddeb N, Ajlani H, Sahli H, Sellami S. Cerebral vasculitis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2007; 74 (2) 201-204
- 92 Watts RA, Mooney J, Lane SE, Scott DGI. Rheumatoid vasculitis: becoming extinct?. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2004; 43 (7) 920-923
- 93 da Côrte FC, Neves N. Cervical spine instability in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2014; 24 (Suppl. 01) 83-91
- 94 Mukerji N, Todd NV. Cervical myelopathy in rheumatoid arthritis. Neurol Res Int 2011; 2011: 153628
- 95 Younes M, Belghali S, Kriâa S , et al. Compared imaging of the rheumatoid cervical spine: prevalence study and associated factors. Joint Bone Spine 2009; 76 (4) 361-368
- 96 Rana NA. Natural history of atlanto-axial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis. Spine 1989; 14 (10) 1054-1056
- 97 Pellicci PM, Ranawat CS, Tsairis P, Bryan WJ. A prospective study of the progression of rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1981; 63 (3) 342-350
- 98 Yurube T, Sumi M, Nishida K , et al; Kobe Spine Conference. Incidence and aggravation of cervical spine instabilities in rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective minimum 5-year follow-up study of patients initially without cervical involvement. Spine 2012; 37 (26) 2136-2144
- 99 Matsunaga S, Sakou T, Onishi T , et al. Prognosis of patients with upper cervical lesions caused by rheumatoid arthritis: comparison of occipitocervical fusion between c1 laminectomy and nonsurgical management. Spine 2003; 28 (14) 1581-1587 , discussion 1587
- 100 Agarwal V, Singh RWiclaf , et al. A clinical, electrophysiological, and pathological study of neuropathy in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2008; 27 (7) 841-844
- 101 Biswas M, Chatterjee A, Ghosh SK, Dasgupta S, Ghosh K, Ganguly PK. Prevalence, types, clinical associations, and determinants of peripheral neuropathy in rheumatoid patients. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2011; 14 (3) 194-197
- 102 Ostrowski RA, Takagishi T, Robinson J. Rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, and relapsing polychondritis. Handb Clin Neurol 2014; 119: 449-461
- 103 Ogawa H, Akaike A, Ishimaru D , et al. Posterior interosseous nerve palsy related to rheumatoid synovitis of the elbow. Mod Rheumatol 2007; 17 (4) 327-329