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Kardiologie up2date 2015; 11(01): 9-23
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1391915
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© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Genetik der Kardiomyopathien

Tillman Dahme
,
Wolfgang Rottbauer
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Publication History

Publication Date:
08 April 2015 (online)

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Abstract

Cardiomyopathies are myocardial diseases, which are divided into different phenotypes: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), arrhythmogenic rechtventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), left-ventricular-non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) and restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). While gene mutations are responsible for considerable proportions of DCM and RCM, the other cardiomyopathies HCM, ARVC and LVNC are considered to be solely caused genetically. HCM is characterized by mutations of genes encoding sarcomeric proteins, ARVC is a disease of the desmosome while DCM, RCM and LVNC have diverse genetic causes.

Kernaussagen

  • Kardiomyopathien sind Herzmuskelerkrankungen, die sich in verschiedenen Phänotypen als dilatative Kardiomyopathie (DCM), hypertrophe Kardiomyopathie (HCM), arrhythmogene rechtsventrikuläre Kardiomyopathie (ARVC), linksventrikuläre Non-Compaction-Kardiomyopathie (LVNC) und restriktive Kardiomyopathie (RCM) widerspiegeln.

  • Während Genmutationen einen wesentlichen Anteil an den dilatativen und restriktiven Kardiomyopathien ausmachen, sind die HCM, die ARVC und die LVNC ausschließlich genetisch definierte Erkrankungen.

  • Die HCM ist durch Mutationen in Genen sarkomerischer Proteine charakterisiert.

  • Die ARVC kann als eine Erkrankung des Desmosoms definiert werden.

  • Die DCM, die RCM und die LVNC haben divergente genetische Ursachen.

 

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