Gibt es spezifische Wirkfaktoren in der Psychotherapie der Anorexia nervosa?

Zusammenfassung

Die vorliegende Literatursichtung untersucht die Frage nach der Differenzierung von allgemeinen und spezifischen Wirkfaktoren bei der Psychotherapie der Anorexia nervosa. In den vergangenen 10 Jahren haben sich verschiedene Forschungstendenzen gezeigt. Zum einen werden Subdifferenzierungen von neuen Therapieformen aus verschiedenen therapeutischen Schulen propagiert (u. a. CBT-E, FPT), zum anderen werden generische, eher an den Bedürfnissen der Patienten orientierte Behandlungsmanuale publiziert (u. a. SSCM, TTM). Auf einem dritten Weg werden aktuell Therapiemanuale für besondere Subgruppen entwickelt, bspw. für chronische Patientinnen mit Anorexia nervosa oder familienbasierte Manuale für Adoleszente. Eine ganz andere Richtung verfolgen Ansätze, die auf neuropsychologischen Modellen und Defiziten bei Anorexia nervosa basieren. Insgesamt stimmen die Ergebnisse der aktuellen Studien eher optimistisch, dennoch gibt es keinen wirklichen Sieger, das Rennen ist offen!

Abstract

The present literature review examines the question of how general and specific factors can be differentiated in the psychotherapy of anorexia nervosa. Over the past 10 years different research trends have appeared. On the one hand subclassifications of new therapy approaches from several schools of therapy have been propagated (e. g. CBT-E, FPT), on the other hand generic treatment manuals have been published that are rather adapted to patients needs (e. g. SSCM, TTM). On a third way, currently therapy manuals for special subgroups have been developed, e. g. for chronic patients with anorexia nervosa or family-based manuals for adolescents. A completely different direction follows those approaches that are based on neuropsychological models and deficits in anorexia nervosa. Overall, the results of current studies have been promising, however, there has not been a winner yet, the race is still open!

Schlüsselwörter

Psychotherapie - Wirkfaktoren - evidenzbasierte Behandlung - Anorexia nervosa - Essstörungen

Keywords

psychotherapy - factors - evidence-based treatment - anorexia nervosa - eating disorders

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