Einfluss von Mars- und Mondstaubanaloga auf die Wundheilung humaner Haut im ex-vivo Modell

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Im Jahre 2006 veröffentlichte die NASA Pläne für eine bemannte und dauerhafte Mondstation und spätere Missionen zum Mars. Künftige Mond- und Marsmissionen mit wiederholten und episodischen Aufenthalten im All machen daher die Erforschung des Einflusses von Mond- und Marsstaubpartikeln auf Mikroorganismen und menschliche Zellen erforderlich. Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Einfluss von extraterrestrischen Stäuben auf die epitheliale Migration von humanen Keratinozyten und auf die inflammatorische Reaktion von humanen Hautzellen zu untersuchen.

Material und Methoden: 6 mm große Vollhautstücke mit einer 3 mm großen zentralen, epidermalen Wunde wurden entweder mit dem Medium zugesetztem Erdenstaub oder mit Mars- oder Mondstaubsimulanten und zum Vergleich ohne Staub unter Standardbedingungen 4 und 8 Tage kultiviert. Die Gewebe- und Mediumproben wurden histologisch, immunhistochemisch (Ki67, Caspase-3), und biochemisch (Hydroxyprolinanalyse, Zymografie und IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β ELISA) untersucht.

Ergebnisse: Alle Staube erhöhten proinflammatorisches IL-6 mit einem signifikanten Anstieg in der Mars Gruppe (IL-6: p<0,05; MMP-9: p<0,005), während MMP-2 (p<0,05) im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe verringert vorkam. Hinsichtlich des Kollagenmetabolismus, der Reepithelialisierung, zellulären Proliferation und Apoptose gab es keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen.

Schlussfolgerung: Hoch oxidativer Marsstaub könnte starke inflammatorische Reaktionen bei Hautkontakt verursachen. Weitere in-vivo Studien werden zeigen, ob ein ausgiebiges chirurgisches Wunddébridement posttraumatische Komplikationen verringern kann.

Abstract

Background: In 2006 NASA published its plans to build a manned lunar station in order to undertake missions to Mars in the future. Thus research projects have been conducted on the influence of Lunar and Martian dust on human health. The present study investigated the effect of Lunar and Martian dust simulants (LDS, MDS) in comparison with earth dust (ED) on viability, migration and inflammatory reaction during wound closure in an ex vivo human skin wound model.

Materials and methods: 6 mm full-thickness skin explants, with a central 3 mm epidermal wound were cultured with LDS, MDS or ED for 4 and 8 days and compared to wound closure without dust exposure. Tissue and conditioned medium were submitted to histological, immunohistochemical (Ki67, Caspase-3) and biochemical analyses (hydroxyproline assay, zymography, IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β ELISA).

Results: All dusts increased proinflammatory markers with significant increases in MDS-treated samples (IL-6: p<0.05; MMP-9: p<0.005) and reduced MMP-2 (p<0.05) compared to no dust controls over time. No significant differences were found regarding wound closure, proliferation, apoptosis and tissue degradation.

Conclusion: Highly oxidative Martian dust may cause increased cutaneous inflammation. As is currently advocated for wounds contaminated with earth dust, surgical wound debridement should be performed to ensure uncompromised wound healing.

Schlüsselwörter

Wachstumsfaktoren - Wundheilung experimentell - Haut - Biochemie - Histologie

Key words

growth factors - experimental wound healing - skin - biochemistry - histology

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