Die Rolle von IL-1β in der Dermatologie*

Zusammenfassung

Zytokine sind maßgeblich an der Modulation von Immunantworten beteiligt und tragen so entscheidend zur Pathogenese vieler chronisch inflammatorischer Dermatosen bei. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) ist das älteste Zytokin und genießt auch viele Jahre nach seiner initialen Entdeckung 1977 sehr große wissenschaftliche und klinische Aufmerksamkeit. Nach der Entdeckung des Inflammasomenkomplexes, der Multiprotein-Maschinerie, die zur Sekretion von bioaktivem IL-1β führt, explodierte die wissenschaftliche Aktivität an diesem Molekül und führte auch zu neuen Immuntherapien im Bereich der autoinflammatorischen Syndrome, die durch Mutationen im Inflammasom und gesteigerte IL-1β-Aktivität gekennzeichnet sind. In dem vorliegenden Übersichtsartikel soll aufgezeigt werden, dass das Spektrum IL-1β-vermittelter Hauterkrankungen die autoinflammatorischen Syndrome weit übersteigt und dass diese Erkrankungen aufgrund ihrer IL-1β-vermittelten Pathogenese bei Versagen konventioneller Therapien ebenfalls von IL-1β-spezifischen Immuntherapien profitieren dürften.

Abstract

Cytokines are crucial for immunomodulation and are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple chronic inflammatory skin diseases. IL-1β is the oldest cytokine but still enjoys a lot of scientific and clinical attention despite its initial identification in 1977. After the discovery of the inflammasome, a multiprotein machinery, which leads to the secretion of bioactive IL-1β, research on this molecule has increased significantly and led to new immunotherapies for autoinflammatory syndromes, which are characterized by mutations in the inflammasome and increased IL-1β activity. In this review article we would like to highlight that the spectrum of IL-1β mediated skin diseases goes far beyond autoinflammatory syndromes. Therefore, several other chronic inflammatory skin diseases that fail to respond to conventional therapies could profit from IL-1β targeting strategies due to the involvement of IL-1β in their pathogenesis.

Schlüsselwörter

Inflammasom - IL-1b - Dermatosen

Key words

inflammasome - IL-1b - skin diseases

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