Does obesity constitute a risk factor for upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis?

• References

• 1 Hansson PO, Erickson H, Welin L. et al. Smoking and abdominal obesity: Risk factors for venous thromboembolism among middleaged men: “The study of men born in 1913”. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159: 1886-90.
• 2 Samama MM. An epidemiologic study of risk factors for deep vein thrombosis in medical outpatients: the Sirius study. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 3415-20.
• 3 Tsai AW, Cusman M, Rosamond WD. et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and venous thromboembolism incidence: The Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology (LITE) Study. Arch Intern Med 2002; 262: 1182-9.
• 4 Vaya A, Mira Y, Ferrando F. et al. Hyperlipidaemia and venous thromboembolism in patients lacking thrombophilic risk factors. Br J Haematol 2002; 118: 255-9.
• 5 Abdollahi M, Cushman M, Rosendaal FR. Obesity: risk of venous thrombosis and the interaction with coagulation factor levels and oral contraceptive use. Thromb Haemost 2003; 89: 493-8.
• 6 Elliot G. Upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis. Lancet 1997; 349: 1188-9.
• 7 Ruggeri M, Castaman G, Toseto A. et al. Low prevalence of thrombophilic coagulation defects in patients with deep vein thrombosis of the upper limbs. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1997; 8: 191-4.
• 8 Prandoni P, Polistena P, Bernardi E. et al. Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157: 57-62.
• 9 Héron E, Lozinguez O, Alhenc-Gelas M. et al. Hypercoagulable states in primary upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 32-6.
• 10 Ellis MH, Manor Y, Witz M. Risk factors and management of patients with upper limb deep vein thrombosis. Chest 2000; 117: 43-6.
• 11 Leebeek FWG, Stadhouders NAM, van Stein D. et al. Hypercoagulability states in upper-extremity deep venous thrombosis. Am J Hematol 2001; 67: 15-9.
• 12 Vaya A, Mira Y, Mateo J. et al. Prothrombin G20210A mutation and oral contraceptive use increase upper-extremity deep vein thrombotic risk. Thromb Haemost 2003; 89: 452-7.
• 13 Hendler MF, Meschengieser SS, Blanco AN. et al. Primary upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis: high prevalence of thrombophilic defects. Am J Hematol 2004; 76: 330-7.
• 14 Martinelli I, Battaglioli T, Bucciarelli P. et al. Risk factors and recurrence rate of primary deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremities. Circulation 2004; 110: 566-70.
• 15 Frezzato M, Tosetto A, Rodeghiero F. Validated questionnaire for the identification of previous personal or familial venous thromboembolism. Am J Epidemiol 1996; 143: 1257-65.
• 16 Joffe HV, Kucher N, Tapson VF. et al. Upper-Extremity deep vein thrombosis a prospective registry of 592 patients. Circulation 2004; 110: 1605-11.
• 17 Juhan-Vague I, Alessi M. PAI-1, obesity, insulin resistance and risk of cardiovascular events. Thromb Haemost 1997; 78: 656-60.
• 18 Margaglione M, Cappuci G, D'Addedda M. et al. PAI-1 plasma levels in a general population without clinical evidence of atherosclerosis. Relation to environmental and genetic determinants. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998; 18: 562-7.
• 19 Lowe GDO, Rumley A, Woodward M. et al. activated protein C resistance and the FV: R506Q mutation in a random population sample. Associations with cardiovascular risk factors and coagulation variables. Thromb Haemost 1999; 81: 918-24.
• 20 Martinelli J. Unusual forms of venous thrombosis and thrombophilia. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb 2002; 32: 343-5.
• 21 Horattas MC, Wright DJ, Fenton AH. et al. Changing concepts of deep venous thrombosis of the upper extremity: report of a series and review of the literature. Surgery 1988; 104: 561-7.