Schwerer Asthmaanfall und Status asthmaticus im Kindesalter

Zusammenfassung

Asthma bronchiale stellt in Deutschland die häufigste chronische Erkrankung bei Kindern dar. 10% aller Kinder in Deutschland sind betroffen. Von diesen leiden 5% an einem schweren persistierenden Asthma bronchiale. Die Prävalenz hat in den letzten Jahren erheblich zugenommen und die Tendenz ist weiter steigend. Trotz deutlicher Fortschritte in der Therapie hat die Zahl schwerer Asthmaanfälle nicht abgenommen. Die Therapie des Status asthmaticus umfasst den intensiven Einsatz von inhalativen oder systemischen Sympathomimetika (β-adrenoceptoren-Agonisten), inhalativen Anticholinergika sowie antiinflammatorisch wirksamen Kortikosteroiden. Die Indikation zur Beatmung sollte zurückhaltend gestellt werden und nur Extremfällen vorbehalten sein. In dieser Arbeit sollen diagnostische Möglichkeiten und therapeutische Mittel aktuell dargestellt werden.

Summary

About 10% of our children suffer from Asthma bronchiale with 5% having a severe asthma. The prevalence in the developed countries is continuously rising. Even with improving therapeutically approaches, the number of severe asthma attacks has not declined. Therapeutical management of status asthmaticus includes aggressive treatment with sympathomimetic agents (β-adrenoceptor agonists), inhalative anticholinergica and systemical corticosteroids. Intubation and mechanical ventilation should be restricted to very severe, otherwise not treatable cases. This article summarizes diagnostic tools and therapeutical options in severe asthma and status asthmaticus.

Schlüsselwörter

Status asthmaticus - Asthma bronchiale

Keywords

Status asthmaticus - Asthma bronchiale

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